MLS Practice Comprehensive Exam
_____ molecules are usually not good antigenic substances.
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Lipid
D. Glycoprotein - ------------ANSWER: C. Lipid
________ percent of the population secretes ABH substances in body secretions
Select one:
a. 10
b. 20
c. 40
d. 80 - ------------ANSWER: d. 80
__________ are involved in cell-mediated immunity, whereas ______ are involved in
humoral immunity.
A. T cells; B cells
B. T cells; antibodies
C. B cells; T cells
D. Both A and B - ------------ANSWER: D. Both A and B
"Star activity" for a restriction enzyme refers to:
A. An ability to cleave DNA at sequences different from their defined recognition
sites
B. The enzyme's specificity for sites of methylation within the nucleotide sequence
C. The temperature and pH conditions at which the enzyme will function optimally
D. The percent increased accuracy of the enzyme when placed in ideal conditions of
pH - ------------ANSWER: A. An ability to cleave DNA at sequences different from
their defined recognition sites
A "directed donor" unit of blood is defined as a unit of blood from a person who gives
blood for:
A. Relief of polycythemia or another blood disorder
B. His or her specific use only
C. A first-degree blood relative
D. Another person he or she has specified - ------------ANSWER: D. Another person
he or she has specified
A "shift to the left" when used in describing a cell population refers to:
Select one:
a. An increase in immature neutrophils
b. A decrease in reactive lymphocytes
,c. An increase in platelets
d. An increase in erythrocytes - ------------ANSWER: a. An increase in immature
neutrophils
A 1-year-old boy is seen for having many recurrent infections with Streptococcus
pneumoniae. Laboratory tests revealed a normal quantity of T cells, but no B cells
and no immunoglobulins were seen on electrophoresis. Which of the following would
most likely be the cause?
A. Chronic granulomatous disease
B. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
C. DiGeorge's syndrome
D. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - ------------ANSWER: B. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
A 2-week-old baby is seen for a possible infection with CMV. Which of the following
statements is false?
Select one:
a. A positive anti-CMV result from the baby's specimen is inconclusive
b. An initial titer of anti-CMV IgG would need to be established
c. A positive result for anti-CMV IgM would indicate infection
d. All are false statements - ------------ANSWER: b. An initial titer of anti-CMV would
need to be established
A 22-year-old female with a cousin with AIDS who had taken aspirin the day before
and with needle marks on both arms presents to donate whole blood. Based on this
information, would you accept, permanently defer (PD), or temporarily defer (TD) the
donor?
A. PD because of needle marks on both arms
B. TD because of needle marks on both arms
C. PD because of cousin with AIDS
D. TD because of aspirin - ------------ANSWER: A. PD because of needle marks on
both arms
A 25-year-old man was seen by his physician for recurrent infections.
Immunoelectrophoresis revealed hypogammaglobulinemia. This man most likely has
which of the following?
A. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
B. Common variable immunodeficiency
C. X-linked agammaglobulinemia
D. DiGeorge's syndrome - ------------ANSWER: B. Common variable
immunodeficiency
A 28-year-old female presented to the emergency department with symptoms
suggestive of DIC. A CBC and coagulation studies were ordered. The peripheral
,smear showed blasts and immature cells with heavy granulation and Auer rods.
Which of the following disorders would be the most likely?
A. AML with t(9; 11)(p22; q23); MLLT3-MLL
B. AML with t(15; 17)(q22; q12); PML-RARa
C. ALL with t(12; 21)(p13; q22); ETV6-RUNX1
D. ALL with t(9; 22)(q34; q11.2); BCR-ABL1 - ------------ANSWER: B. AML with t(15;
17)(q22 ; q12); PML-RARa
A 28-year-old female reports to her physician for a routine examination. She has
always been quite healthy, is currently taking no mediations, and has a normal blood
pressure. Laboratory results are found below:
Glucose = 95 mg/dL
Total cholesterol = 195 mg/dL
Triglycerides = 75 mg/dL
HDL = 48 mg/dL
LDL = 98 mg/dL
BUN 29 mg/dL
Creatinine = 1.0 mg/dL
BUN/Creatinine = 29:1
Her clinical history and laboratory results most closely indicate which of the following
conditions?
A. Prerenal condition
B. Renal disease
C. Hypertriglyceridemia
D. Diabetes mellitus
E. Hyperbetalipoproteinemia - ------------ANSWER: A. Prerenal condition
A 3-year-old boy is seen by his physician because of many recent bacterial
infections. Flow cytometry indicates normal levels of T and B cells. The nitroblue
tetrazoium test for oxidative reduction is negative. The most likely cause is:
A. Wegener's syndrome
B. Chronic granulomatous disease
C. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
D. Diabetes mellitus - ------------ANSWER: B. Chronic granulomatous disease
A 3-year-old female patient is seen in the hematology clinic to investigate the cause
of her persistent anemia. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was ordered, and results
showed an elevation of Hgb F, with a small increase in Hgb A2. What is the most
likely disorder based on these results?
A. a-thalassemia major
B. B-thalassemia major
C. a-thalassemia minor
D. Hemoglobin H disease - ------------ANSWER: B. B-thalassemia
, A 3-year-old female patient was having symptoms of lethargy and bruising and
reported pain in her legs. Her mother also mentioned noticing several swollen lymph
nodes when bathing the child. The pediatrician ordered a CBC, which had the
following results:
WBC = 18.5
RBC = 3.00
Platelet = 58
MCV = 90
MCH = 30
MCHC = 33%
Differential:
Segs = 6%
Blasts = 80%
Lymphs = 8
Monos = 6
RBC morphology was normal, and platelets were markedly decreased
What is the most likely reason that the physician ordered a lumbar puncture after
receiving the CBC results?
A. To rule out an acute case of meningitis
B. To look for leukemia cells in the spinal fluid
C. To rule out infectious mononucleosis
D. To rule out multiple sclerosis - ------------ANSWER: B. To look for leukemia cells in
the spinal fluid
A 3-year-old male patient visits the pediatrician for a well-child checkup and routine
CBC. He has a total WBC count of 5.0 × 109/L, RBC count of 3.8 × 1012/L, and
platelet count of 225 × 109/L. The differential showed 25% segmented neutrophils,
62% lymphocytes, 10% monocytes, and 3% eosinophils. This patient is likely:
Select one:
a. A normal child
b. Suffering from an acute bacterial infection
c. Immunosuppressed
d. A patient with leukemia - ------------ANSWER: a. A normal child
A 30-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital. She has truncal obesity, buffalo
humpback, moon face, purple striae, hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased facial
hair, and amenorrhea. The physician orders endocrine testing. The results are as
follows:
Urine cortisol = Increased
Serum cortisol (8am) = Increased
_____ molecules are usually not good antigenic substances.
A. Protein
B. Carbohydrate
C. Lipid
D. Glycoprotein - ------------ANSWER: C. Lipid
________ percent of the population secretes ABH substances in body secretions
Select one:
a. 10
b. 20
c. 40
d. 80 - ------------ANSWER: d. 80
__________ are involved in cell-mediated immunity, whereas ______ are involved in
humoral immunity.
A. T cells; B cells
B. T cells; antibodies
C. B cells; T cells
D. Both A and B - ------------ANSWER: D. Both A and B
"Star activity" for a restriction enzyme refers to:
A. An ability to cleave DNA at sequences different from their defined recognition
sites
B. The enzyme's specificity for sites of methylation within the nucleotide sequence
C. The temperature and pH conditions at which the enzyme will function optimally
D. The percent increased accuracy of the enzyme when placed in ideal conditions of
pH - ------------ANSWER: A. An ability to cleave DNA at sequences different from
their defined recognition sites
A "directed donor" unit of blood is defined as a unit of blood from a person who gives
blood for:
A. Relief of polycythemia or another blood disorder
B. His or her specific use only
C. A first-degree blood relative
D. Another person he or she has specified - ------------ANSWER: D. Another person
he or she has specified
A "shift to the left" when used in describing a cell population refers to:
Select one:
a. An increase in immature neutrophils
b. A decrease in reactive lymphocytes
,c. An increase in platelets
d. An increase in erythrocytes - ------------ANSWER: a. An increase in immature
neutrophils
A 1-year-old boy is seen for having many recurrent infections with Streptococcus
pneumoniae. Laboratory tests revealed a normal quantity of T cells, but no B cells
and no immunoglobulins were seen on electrophoresis. Which of the following would
most likely be the cause?
A. Chronic granulomatous disease
B. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
C. DiGeorge's syndrome
D. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome - ------------ANSWER: B. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
A 2-week-old baby is seen for a possible infection with CMV. Which of the following
statements is false?
Select one:
a. A positive anti-CMV result from the baby's specimen is inconclusive
b. An initial titer of anti-CMV IgG would need to be established
c. A positive result for anti-CMV IgM would indicate infection
d. All are false statements - ------------ANSWER: b. An initial titer of anti-CMV would
need to be established
A 22-year-old female with a cousin with AIDS who had taken aspirin the day before
and with needle marks on both arms presents to donate whole blood. Based on this
information, would you accept, permanently defer (PD), or temporarily defer (TD) the
donor?
A. PD because of needle marks on both arms
B. TD because of needle marks on both arms
C. PD because of cousin with AIDS
D. TD because of aspirin - ------------ANSWER: A. PD because of needle marks on
both arms
A 25-year-old man was seen by his physician for recurrent infections.
Immunoelectrophoresis revealed hypogammaglobulinemia. This man most likely has
which of the following?
A. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
B. Common variable immunodeficiency
C. X-linked agammaglobulinemia
D. DiGeorge's syndrome - ------------ANSWER: B. Common variable
immunodeficiency
A 28-year-old female presented to the emergency department with symptoms
suggestive of DIC. A CBC and coagulation studies were ordered. The peripheral
,smear showed blasts and immature cells with heavy granulation and Auer rods.
Which of the following disorders would be the most likely?
A. AML with t(9; 11)(p22; q23); MLLT3-MLL
B. AML with t(15; 17)(q22; q12); PML-RARa
C. ALL with t(12; 21)(p13; q22); ETV6-RUNX1
D. ALL with t(9; 22)(q34; q11.2); BCR-ABL1 - ------------ANSWER: B. AML with t(15;
17)(q22 ; q12); PML-RARa
A 28-year-old female reports to her physician for a routine examination. She has
always been quite healthy, is currently taking no mediations, and has a normal blood
pressure. Laboratory results are found below:
Glucose = 95 mg/dL
Total cholesterol = 195 mg/dL
Triglycerides = 75 mg/dL
HDL = 48 mg/dL
LDL = 98 mg/dL
BUN 29 mg/dL
Creatinine = 1.0 mg/dL
BUN/Creatinine = 29:1
Her clinical history and laboratory results most closely indicate which of the following
conditions?
A. Prerenal condition
B. Renal disease
C. Hypertriglyceridemia
D. Diabetes mellitus
E. Hyperbetalipoproteinemia - ------------ANSWER: A. Prerenal condition
A 3-year-old boy is seen by his physician because of many recent bacterial
infections. Flow cytometry indicates normal levels of T and B cells. The nitroblue
tetrazoium test for oxidative reduction is negative. The most likely cause is:
A. Wegener's syndrome
B. Chronic granulomatous disease
C. Bruton's agammaglobulinemia
D. Diabetes mellitus - ------------ANSWER: B. Chronic granulomatous disease
A 3-year-old female patient is seen in the hematology clinic to investigate the cause
of her persistent anemia. Hemoglobin electrophoresis was ordered, and results
showed an elevation of Hgb F, with a small increase in Hgb A2. What is the most
likely disorder based on these results?
A. a-thalassemia major
B. B-thalassemia major
C. a-thalassemia minor
D. Hemoglobin H disease - ------------ANSWER: B. B-thalassemia
, A 3-year-old female patient was having symptoms of lethargy and bruising and
reported pain in her legs. Her mother also mentioned noticing several swollen lymph
nodes when bathing the child. The pediatrician ordered a CBC, which had the
following results:
WBC = 18.5
RBC = 3.00
Platelet = 58
MCV = 90
MCH = 30
MCHC = 33%
Differential:
Segs = 6%
Blasts = 80%
Lymphs = 8
Monos = 6
RBC morphology was normal, and platelets were markedly decreased
What is the most likely reason that the physician ordered a lumbar puncture after
receiving the CBC results?
A. To rule out an acute case of meningitis
B. To look for leukemia cells in the spinal fluid
C. To rule out infectious mononucleosis
D. To rule out multiple sclerosis - ------------ANSWER: B. To look for leukemia cells in
the spinal fluid
A 3-year-old male patient visits the pediatrician for a well-child checkup and routine
CBC. He has a total WBC count of 5.0 × 109/L, RBC count of 3.8 × 1012/L, and
platelet count of 225 × 109/L. The differential showed 25% segmented neutrophils,
62% lymphocytes, 10% monocytes, and 3% eosinophils. This patient is likely:
Select one:
a. A normal child
b. Suffering from an acute bacterial infection
c. Immunosuppressed
d. A patient with leukemia - ------------ANSWER: a. A normal child
A 30-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital. She has truncal obesity, buffalo
humpback, moon face, purple striae, hypertension, hyperglycemia, increased facial
hair, and amenorrhea. The physician orders endocrine testing. The results are as
follows:
Urine cortisol = Increased
Serum cortisol (8am) = Increased
