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4. / Name 2 most important species of vine - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Vitis vinifera -
eurasian
American vines
4. / Disadvantage & Advantage of american vines ? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Unattractive flavour of the wines
But resistant to phylloxera - used for rootstocks
4. / What is phylloxera ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Vine pest (insect) that attacks
vine's root
Native from north america
,4. / When was phylloxera introduced in europe ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔End of
19th century
4. / How phylloxera destroy the vines ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Infection enter
through the feeding wounds - vine is weakened and over a few year dies
4 / Places in the world without phylloxera ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Yes : chile,
some parts of argentina and south australia.
4. / How to fight phylloxera ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- Strict quarantine for non
affected areas.
- plant american species or hybrid
- Grafting vitis vinifera onto rootstock of american vines
4. / What are the 2 grafting techniques existing ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Bench
grafting - in nurseries
Head grafting - in vineyards
4. / What is the advantage of head grafting ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Quickly
change an establish vineyards to a new grape variety taking advanyage of
established root syst
,Grape at next vintage / instead of waiting 3 years
Considerably cheaper than replanting
4. / Four sections of vines ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Green parts
One year old wood
Permanent wood
Roots
4. / What are the leaves responsible for ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Photosynthesis
4. / What is photosynthesis process ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Plant use sunlight to
convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen
4. / What are vine flowers representing ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Vine reproductive
organs - both male and female
4. / What is inflorescences ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔A bunch of vine flowers that if
pollinated will become the bunch of grape.
4. / What is a buds ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔An embryonic shoot for the following
year forming at the joint of the leave and the shoot
4. / What are the roots functions ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔- absorb water
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, - absorb nutrients
- anchor vine
- store carbohydrates to survive winter
4. / Criteria for selecting a grape variety ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Taste
Quality of fruit
Budding time
Ripening time
Resistance to diseases
4. / Can a variety be grown or propagated through seeds ? - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔No
4. / Name 2 techniques to grow or propagate grape variety without loosing
unique qualities - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Cutting
Layering
4. / Out of the 2 techniques used to grow grape variety which one is most
common today ? - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔Cutting - due to phylloxera risk