Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) Final
Exam 2025/2026 – Updated Actual Exam
with Correct Solutions
What are the 6 R's 3 C's and an E - ,,,,answer,,,,..6 R's
Right patient
Right Medication
Right time
Right dose
Right route at the right site
Right Documentation
3 C's and an E
Colour
Clarity
Concentration
Expiry date
Clearing the Airway - ,,,,answer,,,,..Adult 15 secs at a time
Child 10 seconds at a time
Infant 5 seconds at a time
Normal Breathing Rates - ,,,,answer,,,,..Adult 10 to 20 (puberty and up)
Child 15 to 30 (1 to the onset of puberty)
,Infant 25 to 50 (0-1)
Neonate 30-60 (24 hours old)
NOTE: if not taking an accurate count the breathing rate can be described
as
Regular
Irregular
Rapid (Tachypnea)
Slow (Bradypnea)
Not breathing: Apneac
Breathing Quality (Depth)
Shallow
Deep
Laboured
Gasping
Inadequate Breathing Rates - ,,,,answer,,,,..Adult under 8 b/min, over 28
b/min (important for ACP)
Child under 10 b/min
Infant under 20 b/min
neonate under 30 b/min
ATTEMPT TO VENTILATE!
Artificial Ventilation - ,,,,answer,,,,..Adult 1 every 5 seconds (24 for 2 min
cycle)
Child 1 every 3 seconds (40 for 2 min cycle)
Infant 1 every 3 seconds (40 for 2 min cycle)
Neonate 1 every 1-1.5 seconds
,ACP: if doing CPR while patient is intubated ventilation rate become 1
breath every 6-8 seconds (all age groups).
Oxygen Mask (Concentration & LPM) - ,,,,answer,,,,..Supplemental Masks
(Demand Masks):
Nasal Cannula (low flow): Concentration of 24-44% = 2-6 LPM
Simple Face Mask (post seizure or after faint): Concentration of 35-50% =
6-10 LPM
Non Rebreather (high flow): Concentration of 60-90% = 10-15 LPM
Ventilation Devices:
Pocket Mask/O2: Concentration of 50-60% = 15 LPM
Bag valve Mask: Concentration of 90-100% = 15 LPM
Pulse Rates - ,,,,answer,,,,..Adults 60-100 (av. 72) can be lower in
athletes and older persons
Children 80-120
Infants 100-160
NOTE: if an accurate count is not taken, the pulse can be described as
Regular: a normal pulse occurring at regular intervals
Irregular: Intervals between beats are irregular
Rapid: Faster than normal rates (Tachy - anything over 100 in adults)
Slow: slower than normal rates (Brady - anything below 60 in adults)
Strong: full and normally strong
Weak: may be difficult to find and palpate
, Bounding: abnormally strong
Thready: Rapid and wear, and so rapid and so wear it feels like a thread
being pulled under your finger (Some EMTs: feels like squishing a bug
under your finger)
Critical Blood Loss - ,,,,answer,,,,..Adult = 1 litre
Child = 500 mls
Infant = 100 mls
CPR Compression depth - ,,,,answer,,,,..Infant = 1/3 -1/2 depth of chest
Child = 1/3 - 1/2 depth of chest
Adult = 1 1/2 -2 inches
CPR Compression: Ventilation Rates - ,,,,answer,,,,..One rescuer
Adult 30:2
Child 30:2
Infant 30:2
Two Rescuer
Adult 30:2
Child 15:2
Infant 15:2
if doing CPR while patient is intubated ventilation rate become 1 breath
every 6-8 seconds (all age groups).
Signs and Symptoms of Shock - ,,,,answer,,,,..restlessness and anxiety
Pallor or blue-grey colour to the skin
Cold, clammy skin
Weak, rapid pulse
shallow rapid respiration
Exam 2025/2026 – Updated Actual Exam
with Correct Solutions
What are the 6 R's 3 C's and an E - ,,,,answer,,,,..6 R's
Right patient
Right Medication
Right time
Right dose
Right route at the right site
Right Documentation
3 C's and an E
Colour
Clarity
Concentration
Expiry date
Clearing the Airway - ,,,,answer,,,,..Adult 15 secs at a time
Child 10 seconds at a time
Infant 5 seconds at a time
Normal Breathing Rates - ,,,,answer,,,,..Adult 10 to 20 (puberty and up)
Child 15 to 30 (1 to the onset of puberty)
,Infant 25 to 50 (0-1)
Neonate 30-60 (24 hours old)
NOTE: if not taking an accurate count the breathing rate can be described
as
Regular
Irregular
Rapid (Tachypnea)
Slow (Bradypnea)
Not breathing: Apneac
Breathing Quality (Depth)
Shallow
Deep
Laboured
Gasping
Inadequate Breathing Rates - ,,,,answer,,,,..Adult under 8 b/min, over 28
b/min (important for ACP)
Child under 10 b/min
Infant under 20 b/min
neonate under 30 b/min
ATTEMPT TO VENTILATE!
Artificial Ventilation - ,,,,answer,,,,..Adult 1 every 5 seconds (24 for 2 min
cycle)
Child 1 every 3 seconds (40 for 2 min cycle)
Infant 1 every 3 seconds (40 for 2 min cycle)
Neonate 1 every 1-1.5 seconds
,ACP: if doing CPR while patient is intubated ventilation rate become 1
breath every 6-8 seconds (all age groups).
Oxygen Mask (Concentration & LPM) - ,,,,answer,,,,..Supplemental Masks
(Demand Masks):
Nasal Cannula (low flow): Concentration of 24-44% = 2-6 LPM
Simple Face Mask (post seizure or after faint): Concentration of 35-50% =
6-10 LPM
Non Rebreather (high flow): Concentration of 60-90% = 10-15 LPM
Ventilation Devices:
Pocket Mask/O2: Concentration of 50-60% = 15 LPM
Bag valve Mask: Concentration of 90-100% = 15 LPM
Pulse Rates - ,,,,answer,,,,..Adults 60-100 (av. 72) can be lower in
athletes and older persons
Children 80-120
Infants 100-160
NOTE: if an accurate count is not taken, the pulse can be described as
Regular: a normal pulse occurring at regular intervals
Irregular: Intervals between beats are irregular
Rapid: Faster than normal rates (Tachy - anything over 100 in adults)
Slow: slower than normal rates (Brady - anything below 60 in adults)
Strong: full and normally strong
Weak: may be difficult to find and palpate
, Bounding: abnormally strong
Thready: Rapid and wear, and so rapid and so wear it feels like a thread
being pulled under your finger (Some EMTs: feels like squishing a bug
under your finger)
Critical Blood Loss - ,,,,answer,,,,..Adult = 1 litre
Child = 500 mls
Infant = 100 mls
CPR Compression depth - ,,,,answer,,,,..Infant = 1/3 -1/2 depth of chest
Child = 1/3 - 1/2 depth of chest
Adult = 1 1/2 -2 inches
CPR Compression: Ventilation Rates - ,,,,answer,,,,..One rescuer
Adult 30:2
Child 30:2
Infant 30:2
Two Rescuer
Adult 30:2
Child 15:2
Infant 15:2
if doing CPR while patient is intubated ventilation rate become 1 breath
every 6-8 seconds (all age groups).
Signs and Symptoms of Shock - ,,,,answer,,,,..restlessness and anxiety
Pallor or blue-grey colour to the skin
Cold, clammy skin
Weak, rapid pulse
shallow rapid respiration
