BIOL 212 EXAM 1 & 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025 LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+.

BIOL 212 EXAM 1 & 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS. VERIFIED 2025 LATEST UPDATE ALREADY GRADED A+. If the concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) in the ICF is 10 mM and the concentration in the ECF is 28 mM, what would be the equilibrium potential for bicarbonate? Select one: a. 27 mV b. 5 mV c. -5 mV d. -22 mV e. -27 mV - CORRECCT ANSE. -27 mV Which of the following statements about the Na+/K+ pump is FALSE? Select one: a. The phosphorylated conformation of the Na+/K+ pump changes shape to "open" to the intracellular fluid, allowing the release of ions. b. The Na+/K+ pump has ATPase activity, which cleaves ATP. c. The Na+/K+ pump moves Na+ out of the cell. d. In one cycle, it transports unequal numbers of Na+ and K+ ions. e. It is found in all cells of the body. - CORRECCT ANSA. The phosphorylated conformation of the Na+/K+ pump changes shape to "open" to the intracellular fluid, allowing the release of ions. A distinction between channel proteins and carrier proteins is that: Select one: a. only carrier proteins are specific b. carrier proteins undergo a conformational change to open to the other side of the membrane, whereas channel proteins do not c. carrier proteins transport substances faster than channel proteins d. carrier proteins always require energy to work, whereas channel proteins do not e. more than one answer is correct - CORRECCT ANSB. carrier proteins undergo a conformational change to open to the other side of the membrane, whereas channel proteins do not When pyrogens are present, vasodilation is used by the body to create a fever. Select one: True False - CORRECCT ANSFalse During hemoglobin metabolism, the breakdown products of heme become part of: Select one: a. cerebral spinal fluid b. the ICF c. the globulins d. erythropoietin e. bile - CORRECCT ANSE. bile From glycolysis, the net gain of ATP for each molecule of glucose is: Select one: a. 36-38 b. 32 c. 8 d. 2 e. 4 - CORRECCT ANSD. 2 An anion has an equilibrium potential of -40 mV. What direction are the chemical and electrical forces acting on the anion at the resting membrane potential (-70 mV)? Select one: a. The chemical force is directed into the cell, and the electrical force is directed out of the cell. b. Both the chemical and electrical forces are directed out of the cell. c. The chemical force is directed out of the cell, and the electrical force is directed into the cell. d. Both the chemical and electrical forces are directed into the cell. e. There is insufficient information to answer this question. - CORRECCT ANSA. The chemical force is directed into the cell, and the electrical force is directed out of the cell. If potassium were at equilibrium across the cell membrane, then what would be the direction of the electrochemical driving force acting on potassium? Select one: a. into the cell b. out of the cell c. there is no electrochemical force at equilibrium - CORRECCT ANSC. there is no electrochemical force at equilibrium A molecule that is similar in structure to a ligand, binds to the normal ligand's receptor on a target cell, and produces a similar biological response in the cell is called a(n): Select one: a. blocker b. protagonist c. agonist d. antagonist - CORRECCT ANSC. agonist Which is a TRUE statement about the resting membrane potential in a typical neuron? Select one: a. The membrane potential is closer to the sodium equilibrium potential than to the potassium equilibrium potential. b. The membrane potential is at equilibrium for both sodium and potassium at the same time. c. There is no ion movement at resting membrane potential. d. The sodium-potassium pump maintains the sodium and potassium concentration gradients; having these concentration gradients is critical to maintaining a steady resting membrane potential. e. more than one of the above is correct - CORRECCT ANSD. The sodium potassium pump maintains the sodium and potassium concentration gradients; having these concentration gradients is critical to maintaining a steady resting membrane potential. Midway through a 5-mile workout a runner begins to sweat profusely. In the feedback loop for temperature regulation, the sweat glands producing the sweat would be considered the: Select one: a. integrating center b. receptor c. stimulus d. effector - CORRECCT ANSD. effector Which of the following is FALSE about glucose uptake in the small intestine? Select one: a. Glucose moves into the blood by facilitated diffusion. b. SGLT uses phosphorylation in order to increase its affinity for glucose. c. The movement of glucose across the luminal membrane is driven by an ion concentration gradient. d. The sodium-potassium pump keeps the ICF Na+ concentration lower than the luminal Na+concentration. - CORRECCT ANSB. SGLT uses phosphorylation in order to increase its affinity for glucose. A scientist is studying the passive movement of chemicals into a cell. He measures the rate at which two chemicals diffuse into a cell, as a function of their external concentration. Chemical A's diffusion is directly proportional to the extracellular concentration but eventually reaches a transport maximum, while Chemical B's rate of transport continues to be directly proportional to external concentration. How can one explain the differences in these diffusion rates? Select one: a. Chemical A must be nonpolar, while Chemical B must be polar. b. Chemical A is moving by secondary active transport, whereas Chemical B is moving by primary active transport. c. Chemical A is moving by facilitated diffusion, while Chemical B is diffusing through the phospholipids or through a channel. d. More than one of the above is a possible explanation for this scientist's results. - CORRECCT ANSC. Chemical A is moving by facilitated diffusion, while Chemical B is diffusing through the phospholipids or through a channel. Homeostasis refers to maintaining a relatively stable internal environment. The "internal environment" is: Select one: a. the blood cells b. body parts beneath the skin c. the cytoplasm of all cells in the body d. the intracellular fluid in the body e. the extracellular fluid in the body - CORRECCT ANSE. the extracellular fluid in the body The sodium ion (Na+) becomes more hydrated than the potassium ion (K+) because: Select one: a. the potassium ion has a greater density of surface charge b. the sodium ion has more protons and has a larger nucleus c. the sodium ion has a greater density of surface charge d. more than one of the above is correct e. none of the above - CORRECCT ANSC. the sodium ion has a greater density of surface charge Insulin: Select one: a. is essential for exercising skeletal muscle to increase glucose uptake b. promotes glucose output by the liver c. increases the insertion of glucose transporters into the plasma membrane of insulin-dependent cells d. stimulates the breakdown of fat in adipose tissue e. more than one of the above is correct - CORRECCT ANSC. increases the insertion of glucose transporters into the plasma membrane of insulin-dependent cells Which of the following statements best describes the function of tyrosine kinase? Select one: a. It catalyzes the formation of cAMP. b. It catalyzes the phosphorylation of a protein in the ECF. c. It actively pumps calcium into the cell. d. It catalyzes the phosphorylation of a protein inside a cell. - CORRECCT ANSD. It catalyzes the phosphorylation of a protein inside a cell. Given: the atomic mass of calcium is 40.1 g/mole, and the atomic mass of chloride is 35.5 g/mole. What % solution is a 3.0 OsM CaCl2 solution? Select one: a. 11.1% b. 0.04% c. 33.3% d. 0.11% e. 0.33% - CORRECCT ANSA. 11.1% A positive feedback mechanism would be an effective way to: Select one: a. maintain a constant internal environment b. anticipate changes in the environment c. adapt to a new environment d. bring about a rapid change e. detect changes in the external environment - CORRECCT ANSD. bring about a rapid change The primary cation inside the cell is: Select one: a. sodium b. chloride c. potassium d. anionic proteins e. calcium - CORRECCT ANSC. potassium The GLUT family of molecules are: Select one: a. channel proteins through which glutamic acid can travel b. carrier proteins for the facilitated diffusion of glucose c. channel proteins through which glucose can travel d. secondary active transport carriers, for moving both glucose and sodium e. more than one of the above is correct - CORRECCT ANSB. carrier proteins for the facilitated diffusion of glucose A 10% starch solution is separated from pure water by a membrane which is impermeable to starch. What will happen? Select one: a. Starch will move into the compartment containing water. b. Net water movement will eventually stop as a result of equal concentrations in the two compartments. c. Net water movement will eventually stop as a result of an opposing hydrostatic pressure. d. No movement will take place across the membrane. e. more than one answer is correct - CORRECCT ANSC. Net water movement will eventually stop as a result of an opposing hydrostatic pressure. In the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure, Select one: a. the proteins exist in a bilayer formation. b. the phospholipids are tightly bound in place. c. the carbohydrates are found exclusively on the intracellular surface of th