NSG 3007 WEEK 3 QUIZ
1. Which of the following situations is an example of moral distress?
a. You hear nurses in the lounge making off-color jokes about a patient. You are
afraid to speak up for fear of retaliation.
b. You have been late for work a couple of times in the last 2 weeks, and your co-
workers are covering for you.
c. You become romantically involved with a co-worker, which is against the unit
policy, so you resign your position.
d. You purposefully use vague language when explaining a patient's condition to the
family. Staff expects that the patient may be brain-dead, but test results are not yet
conclusive.
ANS: A
Feedback
A The definition of "moral distress" is distress that results from participating in a
perceived moral wrongdoing due to situational constraints despite attempting to
make a moral choice.
B There is no breach of ethics in being late and having co-workers cover for you.
C The person acts appropriately to the moral issue by resigning the position.
D The person is acting appropriately under current circumstances.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 91
2. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, adolescents who
shoplift are operating in which level of moral development?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Postconventional
d. Developmental
ANS: A
Feedback
A In Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development, the individual is
inattentive to the norms of society and is self-centered.
B In the conventional level, moral decisions conform to the norms of society.
C In the postconventional level, the individual has a highly developed moral value
system independent of group norms.
D "Developmental" is not a level of moral development identified by Kohlberg.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 93
3. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, individuals who act
"because it is the rule of society" are operating in which level of moral development?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Postconventional
d. Developmental
,ANS: B
Feedback
A In Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development, the individual is
inattentive to the norms of society and is self-centered.
B In the conventional level, moral decisions conform to the norms of society.
C In the postconventional level, the individual has a highly developed moral value
system independent of group norms.
D "Developmental" is not a level of moral development identified by Kohlberg.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 93
4. Flight 93, hijacked on September 11, 2001, crashed into the Pennsylvania
countryside because some of the passengers decided to try to take control of the plane and
prevent it from being used as a weapon of mass destruction against structures in Washington,
D.C. They decided to act despite grave danger to themselves. This is an example of which
level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Postconventional
d. Conventional phase 4
ANS: C
Feedback
A In the preconventional level, the person's self-interest takes precedence over
group norms.
B In the conventional level, the person conforms to group norms.
C People in the postconventional level of moral development may ignore self-
interest and group norms when making decisions and may sacrifice themselves
for the group.
D Phase 4 of the conventional level follows group and cultural norms.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 93
5. According to Kohlberg's theory, which of the following is true of moral
development?
a. Participating in decision making promotes moral reasoning.
b. Intellectual development has no effect on moral development.
c. Participating in debates on ethical issues decreases moral development.
d. Holding people responsible for their actions does not improve moral development.
ANS: A
Feedback
A Kohlberg thought that certain conditions promote moral development, such as
participating in decision making.
B Kohlberg thought that intellectual development was necessary for advanced
moral development.
C Participating in debates on ethical issues does enhance moral development.
D Taking responsibility for actions promotes moral development.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 93
6. Gilligan's theory on moral development differed from Kohlberg's theory
because Gilligan considered which population not addressed by Kohlberg?
a. Children
b. Men
c. Women
d. Adolescents
ANS: C
Feedback
A Kohlberg mostly tested his theory in men and boys.
B Men were the focus of Kohlberg's theory.
C Gilligan thought that Kohlberg's theory did not recognize the experience of
women in moral development.
D Gilligan's theory did not focus on adolescents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 93
7. Which of the following ethical theories is illustrated by the example of
following the Golden Rule, "Do unto others as you wish them to do unto you"?
a. Deontology
b. Principalism
c. Utilitarianism
d. Virtue ethics
ANS: A
Feedback
A Deontology states that an act is moral if it originates from good will.
B Principalism is the use of ethical principles in decision making.
C Decisions are made based on what will do the greatest good for the greatest
number of people. A main tenet of utilitarian ethics is that right or useful actions
bring about the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
D Virtue ethics refers to character traits of the decision maker, such as honesty,
courage, kindness, and integrity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 95
8. Which of the following ethical theories is illustrated by the example of triage
in disaster nursing?
a. Deontology
b. Principalism
c. Utilitarianism
d. Virtue ethics
ANS: C
Feedback
A Deontology states that an act is moral if it originates from good will.
1. Which of the following situations is an example of moral distress?
a. You hear nurses in the lounge making off-color jokes about a patient. You are
afraid to speak up for fear of retaliation.
b. You have been late for work a couple of times in the last 2 weeks, and your co-
workers are covering for you.
c. You become romantically involved with a co-worker, which is against the unit
policy, so you resign your position.
d. You purposefully use vague language when explaining a patient's condition to the
family. Staff expects that the patient may be brain-dead, but test results are not yet
conclusive.
ANS: A
Feedback
A The definition of "moral distress" is distress that results from participating in a
perceived moral wrongdoing due to situational constraints despite attempting to
make a moral choice.
B There is no breach of ethics in being late and having co-workers cover for you.
C The person acts appropriately to the moral issue by resigning the position.
D The person is acting appropriately under current circumstances.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 91
2. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, adolescents who
shoplift are operating in which level of moral development?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Postconventional
d. Developmental
ANS: A
Feedback
A In Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development, the individual is
inattentive to the norms of society and is self-centered.
B In the conventional level, moral decisions conform to the norms of society.
C In the postconventional level, the individual has a highly developed moral value
system independent of group norms.
D "Developmental" is not a level of moral development identified by Kohlberg.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 93
3. According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, individuals who act
"because it is the rule of society" are operating in which level of moral development?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Postconventional
d. Developmental
,ANS: B
Feedback
A In Kohlberg's preconventional level of moral development, the individual is
inattentive to the norms of society and is self-centered.
B In the conventional level, moral decisions conform to the norms of society.
C In the postconventional level, the individual has a highly developed moral value
system independent of group norms.
D "Developmental" is not a level of moral development identified by Kohlberg.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 93
4. Flight 93, hijacked on September 11, 2001, crashed into the Pennsylvania
countryside because some of the passengers decided to try to take control of the plane and
prevent it from being used as a weapon of mass destruction against structures in Washington,
D.C. They decided to act despite grave danger to themselves. This is an example of which
level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
a. Preconventional
b. Conventional
c. Postconventional
d. Conventional phase 4
ANS: C
Feedback
A In the preconventional level, the person's self-interest takes precedence over
group norms.
B In the conventional level, the person conforms to group norms.
C People in the postconventional level of moral development may ignore self-
interest and group norms when making decisions and may sacrifice themselves
for the group.
D Phase 4 of the conventional level follows group and cultural norms.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis REF: p. 93
5. According to Kohlberg's theory, which of the following is true of moral
development?
a. Participating in decision making promotes moral reasoning.
b. Intellectual development has no effect on moral development.
c. Participating in debates on ethical issues decreases moral development.
d. Holding people responsible for their actions does not improve moral development.
ANS: A
Feedback
A Kohlberg thought that certain conditions promote moral development, such as
participating in decision making.
B Kohlberg thought that intellectual development was necessary for advanced
moral development.
C Participating in debates on ethical issues does enhance moral development.
D Taking responsibility for actions promotes moral development.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: p. 93
6. Gilligan's theory on moral development differed from Kohlberg's theory
because Gilligan considered which population not addressed by Kohlberg?
a. Children
b. Men
c. Women
d. Adolescents
ANS: C
Feedback
A Kohlberg mostly tested his theory in men and boys.
B Men were the focus of Kohlberg's theory.
C Gilligan thought that Kohlberg's theory did not recognize the experience of
women in moral development.
D Gilligan's theory did not focus on adolescents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 93
7. Which of the following ethical theories is illustrated by the example of
following the Golden Rule, "Do unto others as you wish them to do unto you"?
a. Deontology
b. Principalism
c. Utilitarianism
d. Virtue ethics
ANS: A
Feedback
A Deontology states that an act is moral if it originates from good will.
B Principalism is the use of ethical principles in decision making.
C Decisions are made based on what will do the greatest good for the greatest
number of people. A main tenet of utilitarian ethics is that right or useful actions
bring about the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
D Virtue ethics refers to character traits of the decision maker, such as honesty,
courage, kindness, and integrity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application REF: p. 95
8. Which of the following ethical theories is illustrated by the example of triage
in disaster nursing?
a. Deontology
b. Principalism
c. Utilitarianism
d. Virtue ethics
ANS: C
Feedback
A Deontology states that an act is moral if it originates from good will.
