PHTY3140 Exam Final Questions AND Correct Answers
Describe a common lower limb extensor synergy. - ✔✔-
Hip extension, adduction and IR
- Knee extension
- Ankle plantarflexion and inversion
Describe a common lower limb flexor synergy. - ✔✔-
Hip flexion and ER
- Knee flexion
- Ankle DF and inversion
Describe a common upper limb extensor synergy. - ✔✔-
Scapular protraction
- Shoulder adduction and IR
- Elbow extension
- Forearm pronation
Describe a common upper limb flexor spastic pattern. -
✔✔- Scapular depression and retraction
,- Shoulder flexion, adduction and IR
- Elbow flexion
- Forearm pronation
- Wrist and finger flexion
Describe a common upper limb flexor synergy. - ✔✔-
Scapular elevation and retraction
- Shoulder flexion and abduction
- Elbow flexion
- Forearm supination
Describe disinhibition in relation to flexor spasm. -
✔✔Flexor reflex afferents in periphery mediate
polysynaptic flexor reflexes - activates flexor muscles
and inhibits extensor muscles
Dysinhibition of normal reflexes, especially dorsal
reticulospinal tracts
Describe Efferent drive dysfunction. - ✔✔- Not entirely
dependent on peripheral feedback
,- May be driven by reflex activity higher in the CNS
- Dystonia (an irregular movement pattern that occurs
that is not simulated by anything), associated reaction
Describe how you can facilitate sustained attention to
body and space in a patient with a perceptual disorder.
- ✔✔Provide reminders to attend - verbal, tactile, task
driven: auditory, visual, movement.
Gradually withdraw reminders so that the patient
becomes responsible for sustained attention.
Describe how you can use verbal and cognitive ability to
facilitate management of patients with perceptual
disorders. - ✔✔Ask the patient to express aloud in
words the sequence and spatial relations of a motor
task as a means of directing motor performance
Describe ideational apraxia - ✔✔- Inability to perform
an activity consisting of a complex series of actions
either automatically or on command
, - There is a failure to comprehend, develop or retain the
concept of what is being desired
- Can perform individual movements but cannot
develop sequence of action (eg can bend elbow but
can't take a drink)
- Cannot pretend to perform an act or describe the
function of an object, performance doesn't improve
with presentation of an object
Describe ideomotor apraxia - ✔✔- The inability to
perform purposeful movement on external command
even though the concept of the task is fully understood
- Exactly the same activity may be executed perfectly in
a natural setting
- Performs best when requested and done
automatically and when an object is provided that will
give meaning to the motor command
Describe some common reasons a stroke patient may
have difficulties using their arm for support. - ✔✔-
Weakness in scapular stabilisers and RC
Describe a common lower limb extensor synergy. - ✔✔-
Hip extension, adduction and IR
- Knee extension
- Ankle plantarflexion and inversion
Describe a common lower limb flexor synergy. - ✔✔-
Hip flexion and ER
- Knee flexion
- Ankle DF and inversion
Describe a common upper limb extensor synergy. - ✔✔-
Scapular protraction
- Shoulder adduction and IR
- Elbow extension
- Forearm pronation
Describe a common upper limb flexor spastic pattern. -
✔✔- Scapular depression and retraction
,- Shoulder flexion, adduction and IR
- Elbow flexion
- Forearm pronation
- Wrist and finger flexion
Describe a common upper limb flexor synergy. - ✔✔-
Scapular elevation and retraction
- Shoulder flexion and abduction
- Elbow flexion
- Forearm supination
Describe disinhibition in relation to flexor spasm. -
✔✔Flexor reflex afferents in periphery mediate
polysynaptic flexor reflexes - activates flexor muscles
and inhibits extensor muscles
Dysinhibition of normal reflexes, especially dorsal
reticulospinal tracts
Describe Efferent drive dysfunction. - ✔✔- Not entirely
dependent on peripheral feedback
,- May be driven by reflex activity higher in the CNS
- Dystonia (an irregular movement pattern that occurs
that is not simulated by anything), associated reaction
Describe how you can facilitate sustained attention to
body and space in a patient with a perceptual disorder.
- ✔✔Provide reminders to attend - verbal, tactile, task
driven: auditory, visual, movement.
Gradually withdraw reminders so that the patient
becomes responsible for sustained attention.
Describe how you can use verbal and cognitive ability to
facilitate management of patients with perceptual
disorders. - ✔✔Ask the patient to express aloud in
words the sequence and spatial relations of a motor
task as a means of directing motor performance
Describe ideational apraxia - ✔✔- Inability to perform
an activity consisting of a complex series of actions
either automatically or on command
, - There is a failure to comprehend, develop or retain the
concept of what is being desired
- Can perform individual movements but cannot
develop sequence of action (eg can bend elbow but
can't take a drink)
- Cannot pretend to perform an act or describe the
function of an object, performance doesn't improve
with presentation of an object
Describe ideomotor apraxia - ✔✔- The inability to
perform purposeful movement on external command
even though the concept of the task is fully understood
- Exactly the same activity may be executed perfectly in
a natural setting
- Performs best when requested and done
automatically and when an object is provided that will
give meaning to the motor command
Describe some common reasons a stroke patient may
have difficulties using their arm for support. - ✔✔-
Weakness in scapular stabilisers and RC
