BIOL 212 Exam 1 Study Guide
Questions and Answers
What is physiology? - correct answers -study of body functions. Physiology focuses on the
underlying mechanisms of the body processes
What is anatomy? - correct answers -study of structure
Why are the studies of physiology and anatomy interrelated - correct answers -the functions
depend on structure
Arrange the levels of organization in the body - correct answers -atom
Molecule
Cell
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms
What is the smallest building blocks of matter? - correct answers -atoms
What are atoms composed of? Include what type of charge it carries - correct answers -atoms
are composed of subatomic particles
Protons +
Neutrons no charge
Electrons -
What are the four most common atoms or elements which make up 96% of the body chemistry
- correct answers -oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen (chon)
What are the remaining 4% of the body chemistry known as - correct answers -trace elements
What forms when atoms of element are linked together - correct answers -molecules
,What are the 3 types of chemical bonds that form into molecules - correct answers -hydrogen,
ionic, covalent
Identify what type of chemical bond forms each molecule - correct answers -
What chemical bond will not dissociate (separate) in a solution - correct answers -covalent, non
polar, polar
What chemical bond will dissociate in a solution - correct answers -ionic
Which of the molecules are polymers?
Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids - correct answers -proteins
Carbs
Nucleic acids
How many type of cells make up the human body - correct answers -200
What are tissues made of - correct answers -cells of similar structure and specialized function
What type of tissue consists of cells specialized for contracting, which generates tension and
produces movement - correct answers -muscle tissue
What type of tissue consists of cells specialized for initiating and transmitting electrical
impulses - correct answers -nervous
What type of tissue consists of cells that are organized into epithelial sheets of secretory glands
- correct answers -epithelial
What type of tissue connects, supports, and anchors various body parts - correct answers -
connective
What type of muscle tissue movements the skeleton - correct answers -skeletal
What type of muscle tissue controls the movement of contents through hollow tubes and
organs - correct answers -smooth
Which of the following is a hollow tube
Brain, kidney, blood vessel, blood - correct answers -blood vessel
What type of muscle tissue pumps blood from the heart - correct answers -cardiac
What type of muscle tissue have the slowest frequency of muscle concentration - correct
answers -smooth
What type of muscle tissue have the fastest frequency of muscle concentration - correct
answers -skeletal
, What are the 4 ions involved in transmitting electrical impulses - correct answers -na+, k+, cl-,
ca2+
What are glands derived from - correct answers -epithelial tissue
What glands secrete hormones into the blood - correct answers -endocrine glands
What type of glands are sweat glands - correct answers -exocrine glands
What type of tissue is blood - correct answers -connective
How many body systems make up the whole body of the human organism - correct answers -11
Define homeostasis - correct answers -a dynamic, relatively stable state in the internal
environment within a narrow limit despite interaction between the outside world (extracellular
fluid, intracellular fluid, social environment/psychological stress)
What are the 2 different fluid compartments and know where each is found relative to a cell -
correct answers -intracellular fluid (icf) - fluid inside the cell
Extracellular fluid (ecf) - fluid outside the cell
Body's internal environment, plasma, interstitial fluid
Where is the internal environment - correct answers -ecf
What is the % of the total body water relative to the weight - correct answers -60%
Know the ratio of each fluid compartment relative to the tbw - correct answers -ecf = 1/3
(plasma 20%, interstitial fluid 80%)
Icf = 2/3
Which of the following is an intracellular fluid
Blood, plasma, interstitial fluid, cytoplasm, cytosol, rbc - correct answers -cytosol
Which of the following is an extracellular fluid
Blood, plasma, interstitial fluid, cytoplasm, cytosol, rbc - correct answers -plasma, interstitial
fluid
Which of the following is the internal environment
Blood, plasma, interstitial fluid, cytoplasm, cytosol, rbc, intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid -
correct answers -plasma, interstitial fluid, extracellular fluid
Which of the following is an intracellular fluid
Blood, plasma, cytoplasm, nucleus, cytosol, cerebrospinal fluid - correct answers -cytosol
Questions and Answers
What is physiology? - correct answers -study of body functions. Physiology focuses on the
underlying mechanisms of the body processes
What is anatomy? - correct answers -study of structure
Why are the studies of physiology and anatomy interrelated - correct answers -the functions
depend on structure
Arrange the levels of organization in the body - correct answers -atom
Molecule
Cell
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms
What is the smallest building blocks of matter? - correct answers -atoms
What are atoms composed of? Include what type of charge it carries - correct answers -atoms
are composed of subatomic particles
Protons +
Neutrons no charge
Electrons -
What are the four most common atoms or elements which make up 96% of the body chemistry
- correct answers -oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen (chon)
What are the remaining 4% of the body chemistry known as - correct answers -trace elements
What forms when atoms of element are linked together - correct answers -molecules
,What are the 3 types of chemical bonds that form into molecules - correct answers -hydrogen,
ionic, covalent
Identify what type of chemical bond forms each molecule - correct answers -
What chemical bond will not dissociate (separate) in a solution - correct answers -covalent, non
polar, polar
What chemical bond will dissociate in a solution - correct answers -ionic
Which of the molecules are polymers?
Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, nucleic acids - correct answers -proteins
Carbs
Nucleic acids
How many type of cells make up the human body - correct answers -200
What are tissues made of - correct answers -cells of similar structure and specialized function
What type of tissue consists of cells specialized for contracting, which generates tension and
produces movement - correct answers -muscle tissue
What type of tissue consists of cells specialized for initiating and transmitting electrical
impulses - correct answers -nervous
What type of tissue consists of cells that are organized into epithelial sheets of secretory glands
- correct answers -epithelial
What type of tissue connects, supports, and anchors various body parts - correct answers -
connective
What type of muscle tissue movements the skeleton - correct answers -skeletal
What type of muscle tissue controls the movement of contents through hollow tubes and
organs - correct answers -smooth
Which of the following is a hollow tube
Brain, kidney, blood vessel, blood - correct answers -blood vessel
What type of muscle tissue pumps blood from the heart - correct answers -cardiac
What type of muscle tissue have the slowest frequency of muscle concentration - correct
answers -smooth
What type of muscle tissue have the fastest frequency of muscle concentration - correct
answers -skeletal
, What are the 4 ions involved in transmitting electrical impulses - correct answers -na+, k+, cl-,
ca2+
What are glands derived from - correct answers -epithelial tissue
What glands secrete hormones into the blood - correct answers -endocrine glands
What type of glands are sweat glands - correct answers -exocrine glands
What type of tissue is blood - correct answers -connective
How many body systems make up the whole body of the human organism - correct answers -11
Define homeostasis - correct answers -a dynamic, relatively stable state in the internal
environment within a narrow limit despite interaction between the outside world (extracellular
fluid, intracellular fluid, social environment/psychological stress)
What are the 2 different fluid compartments and know where each is found relative to a cell -
correct answers -intracellular fluid (icf) - fluid inside the cell
Extracellular fluid (ecf) - fluid outside the cell
Body's internal environment, plasma, interstitial fluid
Where is the internal environment - correct answers -ecf
What is the % of the total body water relative to the weight - correct answers -60%
Know the ratio of each fluid compartment relative to the tbw - correct answers -ecf = 1/3
(plasma 20%, interstitial fluid 80%)
Icf = 2/3
Which of the following is an intracellular fluid
Blood, plasma, interstitial fluid, cytoplasm, cytosol, rbc - correct answers -cytosol
Which of the following is an extracellular fluid
Blood, plasma, interstitial fluid, cytoplasm, cytosol, rbc - correct answers -plasma, interstitial
fluid
Which of the following is the internal environment
Blood, plasma, interstitial fluid, cytoplasm, cytosol, rbc, intracellular fluid, extracellular fluid -
correct answers -plasma, interstitial fluid, extracellular fluid
Which of the following is an intracellular fluid
Blood, plasma, cytoplasm, nucleus, cytosol, cerebrospinal fluid - correct answers -cytosol
