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RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICALRADIOGRAPHY 9TH EDITION
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By Mary Alice Statkiewicz Sherer
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, TABLE OF CONTENT mj mj
Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Receive
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dChapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
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Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Unit
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sChapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
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Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
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Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
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Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chap
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ter 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in OrganSys
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tems
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiatio
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nChapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
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Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-
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RayProcedures
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Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammograph
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yChapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Di
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agnostic X-Ray Proceduresmj mj
Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
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Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
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Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOIC mj
E
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include mj mj m j mj m j m j
1. creation of unstable atoms. mj mj mj
2. production of free electrons. m j mj mj
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of producings
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j
ubstances poisonous to the cell. m j m j mj mj
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
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5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
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6. production of low-energy x-ray photons. mj mj mj mj
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
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b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
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c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
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d. All the options mj mj
ANS: D mj
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charg
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
edparticles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it p
m
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asses?
a. Ionizing radiation mj
b. Nonionizing radiation mj
c. Subatomic radiation mj
d. Ultrasonic radiation mj
ANS: A mj
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the me
mj mj mj m j mj mj mj mj mj mj m j mj
dicalbenefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
m
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a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobiat
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j
hey may have. mj mj
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a s
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mallchance of biologic damage.
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c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biol
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ogicdamage. m
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d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of poss
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iblebiologic damage. m
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ANS: D mj
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
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a. 1/10 of a sievert. mj mj mj
b. 1/100 of a sievert. mj mj mj
c. 1/1000 of a sievert. mj mj mj
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. mj mj mj
ANS: C mj
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
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1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
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2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
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3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
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a. 1 and 2 only
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b. 1 and 3 only
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c. 2 and 3 only
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d. All the options mj mj
ANS: D mj
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive
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j
from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
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a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received fr
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m j mj mj m j
omthe x-ray to natural background radiation received.
m
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b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
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c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
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d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with
m j mj m j mj m j mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
thereferring physician.
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j m j
ANS: A mj
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging proce
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duresalways follow ALARA?
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a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accep
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tresponsibility for patient radiation safety.
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b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
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, patient radiation safety. mj mj
c. Because radiation- mj
induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level
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j mj mj mj
below which a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
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d. Because radiation- mj
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individualswould have
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j m j mj
a chance of developing this disease.
mj m j mj m j m j
ANS: C mj
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
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a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options mj mj
ANS: D mj
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the ho
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spitaladministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and m
m
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aintenance of the ALARA program? mj mj mj mj
a. Assistant administrator of the facility mj m j mj mj
b. Chief of staff mj mj
c. Radiation Safety Officer mj mj
d. Student radiologic technologist mj mj
ANS: C mj
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a spe
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cificx-ray procedure difficult to answer?
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1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
mj mj m j mj mj mj mj mj m j mj m j m j mj
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a pat
mj mj mj m j mj m j mj mj m j mj m j mj mj
ient.
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
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a. 1 and 2 only mj mj mj
b. 1 and 3 only mj mj mj
c. 2 and 3 only mj mj mj
d. All the options mj mj
ANS: A mj
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
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a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B mj
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Unit
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s?
a. Coulomb per kilogram mj mj
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A mj
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
theneed for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
m
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specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
mj mj mj mj mj m
j mj mj m j mj m j mj mj
RADIATION PROTECTION IN MEDICALRADIOGRAPHY 9TH EDITION
mj mj mj mj mj
By Mary Alice Statkiewicz Sherer
mj mj mj mj
, TABLE OF CONTENT mj mj
Chapter 1. Introduction to Radiation Protection
mj mj mj mj mj
Chapter 2. Radiation: Types, Sources, and Doses Receive
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
dChapter 3. Interaction of X-Radiation with Matter
m
j mj mj mj mj mj mj
Chapter 4. Radiation Quantities and Unit
mj mj mj mj mj
sChapter 5. Radiation Monitoring
m
j mj mj mj
Chapter 6. Overview of Cell Biology
mj mj mj mj mj
Chapter 7. Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology
mj mj mj mj mj mj
Chapter 8. Early Tissue Reactions and Their Effects on Organ Systems Chap
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ter 9. Stochastic Effects and Late Tissue Reactions of Radiation in OrganSys
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m
j
tems
Chapter 10. Dose Limits for Exposure to Ionizing Radiatio
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
nChapter 11. Equipment Design for Radiation Protection
m
j mj mj mj mj mj mj
Chapter 12. Management of Patient Radiation Dose During Diagnostic X-
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
RayProcedures
m
j
Chapter 13. Radiation Safety in Computed Tomography and Mammograph
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
yChapter 14. Management of Imaging Personnel Radiation Dose During Di
m
j mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
agnostic X-Ray Proceduresmj mj
Chapter 15. Radioisotopes and Radiation Protection
mj mj mj mj mj
Chapter 01: Introduction to Radiation Protection
m j mj m j mj m j
Sherer: Radiation Protection in Medical Radiography, 9th Edition
m j mj mj mj m j m j m j
MULTIPLE CHOIC mj
E
1. Consequences of ionization in human cells include mj mj m j mj m j m j
1. creation of unstable atoms. mj mj mj
2. production of free electrons. m j mj mj
3. creation of highly reactive free molecules (called free radicals) capable of producings
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m
j
ubstances poisonous to the cell. m j m j mj mj
4. creation of new biologic molecules detrimental to the living cell.
mj mj mj m j m j mj mj mj mj
5. injury to the cell that may manifest itself as abnormal function or loss of function.
mj mj mj mj mj mj m j m j mj m j m j mj mj mj
6. production of low-energy x-ray photons. mj mj mj mj
a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 only
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b. 2, 3, 4, and 5 only
mj mj mj mj mj
c. 3, 4, 5, and 6 only
mj mj mj mj mj
d. All the options mj mj
ANS: D mj
,2. Which of the following is a form of radiation that is capable of creating electrically charg
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
edparticles by removing orbital electrons from the atom of normal matter through which it p
m
j mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
asses?
a. Ionizing radiation mj
b. Nonionizing radiation mj
c. Subatomic radiation mj
d. Ultrasonic radiation mj
ANS: A mj
3. Regarding exposure to ionizing radiation, patients who are educated to understand the me
mj mj mj m j mj mj mj mj mj mj m j mj
dicalbenefit of an imaging procedure are more likely to
m
j m j mj mj m j mj mj mj m j
a. assume a small chance of biologic damage but not suppress any radiation phobiat
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m
j
hey may have. mj mj
b. cancel their scheduled procedure because they are not willing to assume a s
mj m j mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m j mj
mallchance of biologic damage.
m
j mj mj mj
c. suppress any radiation phobia but not risk a small chance of possible biol
mj mj mj m j mj mj mj mj m j mj mj mjmj
ogicdamage. m
j
d. suppress any radiation phobia and be willing to assume a small chance of poss
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m j mj mj m j mj
iblebiologic damage. m
j mj
ANS: D mj
4. The millisievert (mSv) is equal to
mj mj mj mj mj
a. 1/10 of a sievert. mj mj mj
b. 1/100 of a sievert. mj mj mj
c. 1/1000 of a sievert. mj mj mj
d. 1/10,000 of a sievert. mj mj mj
ANS: C mj
5. The advantages of the BERT method are
mj mj mj mj mj mj
1. BERT does not imply radiation risk; it is simply a means for comparison.
mj mj mj mj m j mj mj mj m j mj m j mj
2. BERT emphasizes that radiation is an innate part of the environment.
mj m j mj m j mj mj m j mj mj mj
3. BERT provides an answer that is easy for the patient to comprehend.
m j m j mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m j mj
a. 1 and 2 only
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b. 1 and 3 only
mj mj mj
c. 2 and 3 only
mj mj mj
d. All the options mj mj
ANS: D mj
6. If a patient asks a radiographer a question about how much radiation he or she will receive
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m
j
from a specific x-ray procedure, the radiographer can
mj mj mj mj mj mj m j
a. respond by using an estimation based on the comparison of radiation received fr
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m j mj mj m j
omthe x-ray to natural background radiation received.
m
j mj mj mj m j m j m j
b. avoid the patient’s question by changing the subject.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
c. tell the patient that it is unethical to discuss such concerns.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
d. refuse to answer the question and recommend that he or she speak with
m j mj m j mj m j mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
thereferring physician.
mj m
j m j
ANS: A mj
7. Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging proce
mj m j mj mj mj m j mj m j mj mj m j m j
duresalways follow ALARA?
m
j m j mj
a. So that referring physicians ordering imaging procedures do not have to accep
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
tresponsibility for patient radiation safety.
m
j m j mj m j m j
b. So that radiographers and radiologists do not have to accept responsibility for
mj mj mj mj m j mj mj mj mj mj m j
, patient radiation safety. mj mj
c. Because radiation- mj
induced cancer does not appear to have a fixed threshold, that is,a dose level
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m j m j mj m
j mj mj mj
below which a person would have no chance of developing this disease.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
d. Because radiation- mj
induced cancer does have a dose level at which individualswould have
mj mj mj mj m j mj mj m j mj m j m
j m j mj
a chance of developing this disease.
mj m j mj m j m j
ANS: C mj
8. The cardinal principles of radiation protection include which of the following?
mj mj mj mj mj mj m j mj mj mj
a. Time
b. Distance
c. Shielding
d. All the options mj mj
ANS: D mj
9. In a hospital setting, which of the following professionals is expressly charged by the ho
mj mj m j mj m j mj m j mj mj mj m j m j mj mj
spitaladministration with being directly responsible for the execution, enforcement, and m
m
j mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
aintenance of the ALARA program? mj mj mj mj
a. Assistant administrator of the facility mj m j mj mj
b. Chief of staff mj mj
c. Radiation Safety Officer mj mj
d. Student radiologic technologist mj mj
ANS: C mj
10. Why is a question concerning the amount of radiation a patient will receive during a spe
mj mj mj mj mj mj m j mj mj mj m j m j m j mj mj
cificx-ray procedure difficult to answer?
m
j mj mj mj mj
1. Because the received dose is specified in a number of different units of measure.
mj mj m j mj mj mj mj mj m j mj m j m j mj
2. Because the scientific units for radiation dose are normally not comprehensible by a pat
mj mj mj m j mj m j mj mj m j mj m j mj mj
ient.
3. Because the patient should not receive any information about radiation dose.
mj mj mj m j mj m j mj m j mj m j
a. 1 and 2 only mj mj mj
b. 1 and 3 only mj mj mj
c. 2 and 3 only mj mj mj
d. All the options mj mj
ANS: A mj
11. X-rays are a form of which of the following kinds of radiation?
mj mj mj mj mj m j mj mj m j mj mj
a. Environmental
b. Ionizing
c. Internal
d. Nonionizing
ANS: B mj
12. What unit is used to measure radiation exposure in the metric International System of Unit
mj mj mj mj mj mj m j mj mj mj m j m j mj mj
s?
a. Coulomb per kilogram mj mj
b. Milligray
c. Millisievert
d. Sievert
ANS: A mj
13. What organization was founded in 2007 that continues their pursuit to raise awareness of
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
theneed for dose reduction protocols by promoting pediatric-
m
j mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
specified scan protocols to be usedfor both radiology and non-radiology users of CT?
mj mj mj mj mj m
j mj mj m j mj m j mj mj
