BIOLOGY 212 FINAL EXAM 2025- 2026 FALL-
SPRING SFSU QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
substrate; enzyme
An increase in _________ allows a(n) __________ to work faster because it can
find and bind to it faster.
Km
The amount of substrate needed for an enzyme to run at ½ Vmax. A measure of the
affinity of an enzyme for substrate (low __________ represents high affinity).
Vmax
A measure of enzyme activity (product made/unit time).
endotherms
Temperature regulators that use metabolic processes and behavior to regulate body
temps are called __________.
,Ectotherms
Temperature conformers that use behavior to control body temperature, but not
metabolic processes.
10x
Endotherms have a basal metabolic rate that is about _________ as high as a
similarly-sized ectotherm. They can do about __________ the amount of sustained
work as well.
Thermoneutral Range
These are the values of the X-axis for the horizontal part of the curve. The
temperature range at which the animal can maintain body temperature without
added energy costs.
Aerobic Scope
The ratio of Metabolic rate between the basal and maximum sustainable metabolic
rates. As a rule of thumb, the maximum MR is 10x the basal MR. This makes
sense because both the cost of maintaining basal metabolism and the potential
output of metabolism are dictated by the amount of mitochondrial machinery in the
cells of the animal.
,highest
In animal cells water moves to where the solute concentration is __________.
Homeostasis
The maintenance of body conditions within a narrow range.
Saper Paper
Hypothesis: "In the Conti et al. experiments, the hypothermic transgenic mice
showed no change in food intake or physical activity, but their body weight did
increase, presumably due to a lower basal metabolic rate."
The activity of the Orexin::UCP engineered mice was = the activity of wild type
mice, as measured by locomotor counts.
Engineered mice did not differ from wild type in calorie intake or activity level.
All mice were raised at 25°c, given the same amount of food, and raised in the
same cage types.
the net of the combined influences of charge and
concentration are pushing the ion into the cell.
Because the cation is entering the cell it MUST be true that...
, ATP; PFK; AMP
The __________ feedback that slows down glycolysis, which slows down ATP
production, so that ATP levels fall. It is a negative feedback loop because when
ATP levels fall ATP no longer inhibits __________. The __________ feedback
loop that speeds glycolysis when ATP levels are low.
ATP; PFK; AMP; PFK; AMP; AMP
If __________ is abundant, it directly interacts with and reduces the rate of the rate
limiting enzyme of glycolysis, which is called __________. ! In contrast, when
__________ is abundant it speeds __________ up. __________ is abundant when
much of the ATP has been used up - high __________ is a sign of too little ATP.
uncoupler protein (UPC)
The __________ allows metabolism to increase without an increase in ATP
manufacture. ___________ activity increases PFK activity.
Metabolic Thermogenisis
A mechanism that allows a cell to burn fuel for heat without adding to ATP
production. It avoids the ATP concentration negative feedback mechanism (non-
shivering thermogenesis).
SPRING SFSU QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED A+
substrate; enzyme
An increase in _________ allows a(n) __________ to work faster because it can
find and bind to it faster.
Km
The amount of substrate needed for an enzyme to run at ½ Vmax. A measure of the
affinity of an enzyme for substrate (low __________ represents high affinity).
Vmax
A measure of enzyme activity (product made/unit time).
endotherms
Temperature regulators that use metabolic processes and behavior to regulate body
temps are called __________.
,Ectotherms
Temperature conformers that use behavior to control body temperature, but not
metabolic processes.
10x
Endotherms have a basal metabolic rate that is about _________ as high as a
similarly-sized ectotherm. They can do about __________ the amount of sustained
work as well.
Thermoneutral Range
These are the values of the X-axis for the horizontal part of the curve. The
temperature range at which the animal can maintain body temperature without
added energy costs.
Aerobic Scope
The ratio of Metabolic rate between the basal and maximum sustainable metabolic
rates. As a rule of thumb, the maximum MR is 10x the basal MR. This makes
sense because both the cost of maintaining basal metabolism and the potential
output of metabolism are dictated by the amount of mitochondrial machinery in the
cells of the animal.
,highest
In animal cells water moves to where the solute concentration is __________.
Homeostasis
The maintenance of body conditions within a narrow range.
Saper Paper
Hypothesis: "In the Conti et al. experiments, the hypothermic transgenic mice
showed no change in food intake or physical activity, but their body weight did
increase, presumably due to a lower basal metabolic rate."
The activity of the Orexin::UCP engineered mice was = the activity of wild type
mice, as measured by locomotor counts.
Engineered mice did not differ from wild type in calorie intake or activity level.
All mice were raised at 25°c, given the same amount of food, and raised in the
same cage types.
the net of the combined influences of charge and
concentration are pushing the ion into the cell.
Because the cation is entering the cell it MUST be true that...
, ATP; PFK; AMP
The __________ feedback that slows down glycolysis, which slows down ATP
production, so that ATP levels fall. It is a negative feedback loop because when
ATP levels fall ATP no longer inhibits __________. The __________ feedback
loop that speeds glycolysis when ATP levels are low.
ATP; PFK; AMP; PFK; AMP; AMP
If __________ is abundant, it directly interacts with and reduces the rate of the rate
limiting enzyme of glycolysis, which is called __________. ! In contrast, when
__________ is abundant it speeds __________ up. __________ is abundant when
much of the ATP has been used up - high __________ is a sign of too little ATP.
uncoupler protein (UPC)
The __________ allows metabolism to increase without an increase in ATP
manufacture. ___________ activity increases PFK activity.
Metabolic Thermogenisis
A mechanism that allows a cell to burn fuel for heat without adding to ATP
production. It avoids the ATP concentration negative feedback mechanism (non-
shivering thermogenesis).
