ETSU- Adult Care 1 Final Exam 2026
Questions and Answers
WBCs? - Correct answer-below 4,000 or above 12,000
WBC bands - Correct answer-more than 10% bands
heart rate? - Correct answer-greater than 90 bpm
respiratory - Correct answer-above 20
temperature - Correct answer-above 101 or below 96.8
5 labs ordered to test for sepsis - Correct answer-CBC, coagulation times, blood
glucose, kidney function, and liver function, blood cultures
what does blood culture times 2 mean? - Correct answer-draw from two different
sites, 5 minutes apart
what stage of sepsis does patient appear to be improving? - Correct answer-severe
sepsis
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,S/S of early sepsis - Correct answer-mild hypotension, decreased urine output (>20
ml/h), increased respiratory rate (>20), elevated wbc, appropriate clotting factors,
hypodynamic state
s/s of severe sepsis - Correct answer-improved bp, improved cardiac output,
elevated heart rate, skin is pink and warm, mental status or behavior changes
s/s of shock - Correct answer-low bp, low cardiac output, high hr, skin is cool,
clammy, mottling, pallor, cyanosis
sepsis treatment bundle within 3 hours - Correct answer-obtain blood cultures,
obtain lactate, administer broad spectrum antibiotics until source identified,
vancomycin and zosyn or vancomycin and meropenem, other combinations
depending on source of infection, administer a fluid challenge for hypotension or
lactate > 4 mmol/L
sepsis treatment bundle within 6 hours - Correct answer-vasopressors given for
hypotension resistant to fluid resuscitation, hemodynamic monitoring, remeasure
lactic acid
adrenal insufficiency - Correct answer-adrenal support with a low dose of
corticosteriods
blood glucose levels - Correct answer-keep between 110-150 mg/dL
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,anticoagulant therapy - Correct answer-heparin can help limit inappropriate
clotting factors
administration of blood products - Correct answer-used for poor clotting factors,
platelet transfusion is the best for septic shock patients
vasoconstrictor - Correct answer-Norepinephrine
pulmonary contusion - Correct answer-bruise of the lung that can cause the lung to
fill with fluid, blood and impair gas exchange
s/s of pulmonary contusion - Correct answer-dyspnea (shortness of breath) and
hypoxemia (low oxygen in blood)
flail chest - Correct answer-unequal lung expansion and chest expansion due to
injury and mediastinal shift to unaffected side
pneumothorax (generalised) - Correct answer-collapsed lung caused by air in the
pleural space
Open pneumothorax - Correct answer-collapsed lung caused by air Outside of the
pleural space
closed pneumothorax (spontaneous lung disease) - Correct answer-collapsed lung
caused by air trapped inside of the pleural space
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, tension pneumothorax - Correct answer-collapsed lung creating a one way valve
and causing tracheal deviation
signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax - Correct answer-hypotension
JVD
tachypnea
tracheal deviation
hemothorax - Correct answer-blood in pleural space
pleural effusion - Correct answer-fluid in the pleural space
respiratory intervention/treatment - Correct answer-Assess respiratory status
Diagnose
Plan to administer oxygen
Intervene by getting ABGs, HOB elevated, Incentive spirometer,
Evaluate pain status
PEEP- positive end expiratory pressure - Correct answer-provides positive pressure
at the end of expiration
what devices provide PEEP - Correct answer-BiPAP/CPAP
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Questions and Answers
WBCs? - Correct answer-below 4,000 or above 12,000
WBC bands - Correct answer-more than 10% bands
heart rate? - Correct answer-greater than 90 bpm
respiratory - Correct answer-above 20
temperature - Correct answer-above 101 or below 96.8
5 labs ordered to test for sepsis - Correct answer-CBC, coagulation times, blood
glucose, kidney function, and liver function, blood cultures
what does blood culture times 2 mean? - Correct answer-draw from two different
sites, 5 minutes apart
what stage of sepsis does patient appear to be improving? - Correct answer-severe
sepsis
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,S/S of early sepsis - Correct answer-mild hypotension, decreased urine output (>20
ml/h), increased respiratory rate (>20), elevated wbc, appropriate clotting factors,
hypodynamic state
s/s of severe sepsis - Correct answer-improved bp, improved cardiac output,
elevated heart rate, skin is pink and warm, mental status or behavior changes
s/s of shock - Correct answer-low bp, low cardiac output, high hr, skin is cool,
clammy, mottling, pallor, cyanosis
sepsis treatment bundle within 3 hours - Correct answer-obtain blood cultures,
obtain lactate, administer broad spectrum antibiotics until source identified,
vancomycin and zosyn or vancomycin and meropenem, other combinations
depending on source of infection, administer a fluid challenge for hypotension or
lactate > 4 mmol/L
sepsis treatment bundle within 6 hours - Correct answer-vasopressors given for
hypotension resistant to fluid resuscitation, hemodynamic monitoring, remeasure
lactic acid
adrenal insufficiency - Correct answer-adrenal support with a low dose of
corticosteriods
blood glucose levels - Correct answer-keep between 110-150 mg/dL
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
,anticoagulant therapy - Correct answer-heparin can help limit inappropriate
clotting factors
administration of blood products - Correct answer-used for poor clotting factors,
platelet transfusion is the best for septic shock patients
vasoconstrictor - Correct answer-Norepinephrine
pulmonary contusion - Correct answer-bruise of the lung that can cause the lung to
fill with fluid, blood and impair gas exchange
s/s of pulmonary contusion - Correct answer-dyspnea (shortness of breath) and
hypoxemia (low oxygen in blood)
flail chest - Correct answer-unequal lung expansion and chest expansion due to
injury and mediastinal shift to unaffected side
pneumothorax (generalised) - Correct answer-collapsed lung caused by air in the
pleural space
Open pneumothorax - Correct answer-collapsed lung caused by air Outside of the
pleural space
closed pneumothorax (spontaneous lung disease) - Correct answer-collapsed lung
caused by air trapped inside of the pleural space
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 3
, tension pneumothorax - Correct answer-collapsed lung creating a one way valve
and causing tracheal deviation
signs and symptoms of tension pneumothorax - Correct answer-hypotension
JVD
tachypnea
tracheal deviation
hemothorax - Correct answer-blood in pleural space
pleural effusion - Correct answer-fluid in the pleural space
respiratory intervention/treatment - Correct answer-Assess respiratory status
Diagnose
Plan to administer oxygen
Intervene by getting ABGs, HOB elevated, Incentive spirometer,
Evaluate pain status
PEEP- positive end expiratory pressure - Correct answer-provides positive pressure
at the end of expiration
what devices provide PEEP - Correct answer-BiPAP/CPAP
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 4
