Bio 105 Exam 1 Questions And Answers

Biology - ANS the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution. Characteristics of Life - ANS The seven characteristics of life are: living things are characterised with cells; they have different levels of organization, and they also use energy. Others include response to their environment, growth, reproduction, and they also adjust to their environment. Scientific Method - ANS Make an observation, Pose a question, Form a hypothesis, Create predictions, Design and test an experiment Analyze the results, Draw a conclusion Share your results Reading Data - ANS the action or practice of a person who reads. ... 16. computing Compare write to obtain (data) from a storage device, such as magnetic tape. Interpret Data - ANS the process of applying statistical procedures to find specific facts from a research. It assesses, determines the conclusion, signifies Analyze Data - ANS a process of inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, suggesting conclusions Independent Variable - ANS The variable the researcher manipulates. Dependent Variable - ANS The variable the researcher measures; it is dependent on the independent variable. Control Group - ANS A group that is not manipulated or tested; used for purposes of comparison. Good Exp. vs Bad Exp - ANS Good =Tests only one variable, Little to no variability among samples, Large sample size, Uses controls, Randomization, Avoids bias. Bad = Tests multiple variables, lots of variability among samples, small sample size, no controls, bias. Matter - ANS Anything that takes up space and has mass. Mass - ANS A measure of how much matter is in an object. Element - ANS A substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions. Compound - ANS A substance consisting of two or more! different elements combined in a fixed ratio. Atom - ANS The smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element. Three parts: Electron, Proton, and neutron. Isotope - ANS Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons. Composition of an Atom - ANS It has a electron (-) that is called an orbital because it circles the protons and neutrons. Protons (+) and Neutrons ( ) are in the middle bunched together. Subatomic Particles - ANS Protons are positive (+) particles with an atomic mass of approximately 1 amu. Neutrons are neutral particles with an atomic mass of approximately 1 amu. Electrons are negative (-) particles with an atomic mass of approximately 0 amu. They can be thought of as "point charges". Atomic Number - ANS The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table. (top number in the periodic table square piece). Atomic Weight/Mass - ANS The mass of an atom of a chemical element expressed in atomic mass units. It is approximately equivalent to the number of protons and neutrons in the atom (the mass number) or to the average number allowing for the relative abundances of different isotopes. (lowest position on the periodic tables square piece). Periodic Trends - ANS Electonegativity increases to the right and up the Periodic Table, Atomic radius increases to the left and down (more orbitals), Ionization energy increases to the right. The Octet Rule - ANS The octet rule is a chemical rule of thumb that states that atoms of low atomic number tend to combine in such a way that they each have EIGHT electrons in their valence shells, giving them the same electronic configuration as a noble gas. (use this to stabilize their valence shells by creating an octet) Valence Electrons - ANS The electrons in the outermost electron shell. • These are the electrons available for bonding and are the electrons with the highest energy states! Electron Shells - ANS The electrons in the outermost occupied shell (or shells) determine the chemical properties of the atom; it is called the valence shell. Electronegativity - ANS The tendency of an atom to pull electrons toward it! Three types of bonding and strengths. - ANS There are three main types of bonds: covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonding. Ion - ANS When a bonding breaks, or dissociate, the result is two charged species, known as ions. Ion Strengths - ANS a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution. Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions. The unique properties of water - ANS ... Why water behaves how it does. - ANS ... Ph - ANS The pH scale is logarithmic and the neutral point (no acidity) is pH = 7. ! Acidity - ANS The measure of H+ ions in an aqueous (water-based) solution, and The measure on the pH scale. • The pH scale is logarithmic and the neutral point (no acidity) is pH = 7. ! • A pH lower than 7 is considered acidic. The lower the pH the more acidic the environment. ! Basicity - ANS The opposite of acidity and is a measure of OH- ions in a solution! • pHs greater than 7 are considered basic. The greater the pH, the more basic the solution! • Acidity and basicity can have drastic effects on hydrogen and ionic bonding!