TEST BANK mj
Ebersole and Hess' Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging in Canada
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
Veronique Boscart
mj
3RD Edition
mj
TESTBANK m
j
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Healthy Aging
mj mj mj mj mj
Touhy & Jett: Ebersole and Hess’ Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging, 3rd Ed
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ition
MULTIPLE CHOICE mj
1. A man is terminally ill with end-
mj mj mj mj mj mj
stage prostate cancer. Which is the best statement about this man‘s wellness?
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
a. Wellness can only be achieved with aggressive medical interventions.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
b. Wellness is not a real option for this client because he is terminally ill.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
c. Wellness is defined as the absence of disease. mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
d. Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
of wellness. mj
ANS: D mj
Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level of wellness; a nur
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
se can foster wellness in his or her clients. Wellness is defined by the individual and is m
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ultidimensional. It is not just the absence of disease. A wellness perspective is based on th
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
e belief that every person has an optimal level of health independent of his or her situation
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
or functional level. Even in the presence of chronic illness or while dying, a movement to
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ward wellness is possible if emphasis of care is placed on the promotion of well-
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
being in a supportive environment.
mj mj mj mj
PTS: m j 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 7 m j mj
TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenan
mj mj mj mj m j mj mj mj
ce
2. In differentiating between health and wellness in health care, which of the followi
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ng statements is true?
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a. Health is a broad term encompassing attitudes and behaviors.
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b. The concept of illness prevention was never considered by previous generations.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
c. Wellness and self-actualization develop through learning and growth.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
d. Wellness is impossible when one‘s health is compromised.mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ANS: A mj
Health is a broad term that encompasses attitudes and behaviors; holistically, health includ
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
es wellness, which involves one‘s whole being. The concept of illness prevention was nev
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
er considered by previous generations; throughout history, basic self-
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
care requirements have been recognized. Wellness and self-
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
actualization develop through learning and growth— mj mj mj mj mj
as basic needs are met, higher level needs can be satisfied in turn, with ever-
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
deepening richness to life. Wellness is possible when one‘s health is compromised—
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
even with chronic illness, with multiple disabilities, or in dying, movement toward a higher
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m
level of wellness is possible.
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PTS: m j 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 7 m j mj
TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenan
mj mj mj mj m j mj mj mj
ce
3. Which racial or ethnic group has the highest life expectancy in the United States?
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a. Native Americans mj
b. African Americans mj
c. Hispanic Americans mj
d. Asian and Pacific Island Americans mj mj mj mj
, Chapter 02: Cross-Cultural Caring and Aging
mj mj mj mj mj
Touhy & Jett: Ebersole and Hess’ Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging, 3
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
rd Edition
mj
MULTIPLE CHOICE mj
1. Which of the following is a true statement about differing health belief systems?
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
a. Personalistic or magicoreligious beliefs have been superseded in Western minds mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
by biomedical principles.
mj mj
b. In most cultures, older adults are likely to treat themselves using tradition
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
al methods before turning to biomedical professionals.
mj mj mj mj mj mj
c. Ayurvedic medicine is another name for traditional Chinese medicine.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
d. The belief that health depends on maintaining a balance among opposite qualiti
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
es is characteristic of a magicoreligious belief system.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ANS: B mj
Older adults in most cultures usually have had experience with traditional methods that ha
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ve worked as well as expected. After these treatments fail, older adults turn to the formal
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
health care system. Even in the United States, it is common for older adults to pray for
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
cures or wonder what they did to incur an illness as punishment. The Ayurvedic system
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
is a naturalistic health belief system practiced in India and in some neighboring countries
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
. This belief is characteristic of a holistic or naturalistic approach.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
PTS: m j m j 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 16-17 mj mj
TOP: m j Nursing Process: Assessment mj mj MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
m j mj mj mj
2. Which of the following consideUratiS
mj onsNis m
Tost likO
mj el y to be true when working with
mj mj
N R I G B.C M mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
an interpreter?
mj
a. An interpreter is never needed if the nurse speaks the same language as the patient.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
b. When working with interpreters, the nurse can use technical terms or metaphors.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
c. A patient‘s young granddaughter who speaks fluent English would make the be
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
st interpreter because she is familiar with and loves the patient.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
d. The nurse should face the patient rather than the interpreter.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ANS: D mj
The nurse should face the patient rather than the interpreter is a true statement; the intent i
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
s to converse with the patient, not with a third party about the patient. Many reasons may
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
prevent the patient from speaking directly to a nurse. Technical terms and metaphors may
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
be difficult or impossible to translate. Cultural restrictions may prevent some topics from b
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
eing spoken of to a grandparent or child.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
PTS: m j m j 1 DIF: Understand m j m j REF: p. 18-19 m j mj
TOP: m j Nursing Process: Implementation mj mj m j m j MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment
m j mj mj mj
3. An older adult who is a traditional Chinese man has a blood pressure of 80/54 mm Hg an
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
d refuses to remain in the bed. Which intervention should the nurse use to promote and mai
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ntain his health? mj mj
a. Have the health care provider speak to him.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
b. Use principles of the holistic health system.
mj mj mj mj mj mj
c. Ask about his perceptions and treatment ideas.
mj mj mj mj mj mj
, d. Consult with a practitioner of Chinese medicine. mj mj mj mj mj mj
ANS: C mj
Using the LEARN model (listen with sympathy to the patient‘s perception of the problem,
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
explain your perception of the problem, acknowledge the differences and similarities, rec
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ommend treatment, and negotiate agreement), the nurse gathers information from the patie
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
nt about cultural beliefs concerning health care and avoids stereotyping the patient. In the as
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
sessment, the nurse determines what the patient believes about caregiving, decision making,
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m
treatment, and other pertinent health-
j mj mj mj mj
related information. Speaking with the health care provider is premature until the assessme
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
nt is complete. Unless he accepts the beliefs, principles of the holistic health system can b
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
e potentially unsuitable and insulting for this patient. Unless he accepts the treatments, con
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
sulting with a practitioner of Chinese medicine can also be unsuitable and insulting for thi
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
s patient.
mj
PTS: m j m j 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 18 m j mj
TOP: m j Nursing Process: Implementation mj mj MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
m j mj mj mj
4. Which action should the nurse take when addressing older adults?
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
a. Speak in an exaggerated pitch. mj mj mj mj
b. Use a lower quality of speech. mj mj mj mj mj
c. Use endearing terms such as ―honey.‖
mj mj mj mj mj
d. Speak clearly. mj
ANS: D mj
Some health professionals demonstrate ageism, in part because providers tend to see many f
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
rail, older persons and fewer of those who are healthy and active. Providers should not ass
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ume that all older adults are hearing or mentally impaired. The most appropriate action
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
when addressing an older aduNltUwRoS
mj ulI
dNbeGtT
oBsp.eC
akOcM
learly. Examples of unintentional ageis
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m in language are an exaggerated pitch, a demeaning emotional tone, and a lower qualit
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
y of speech.
mj mj
PTS: m j m j 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 15 mj mj
TOP: m j Nursing Process: Assessment mj mj MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
m j mj mj mj
5. The nurse prepares an older woman, who is Polish, for discharge through an interpreter a
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
nd notes that she becomes tense during the instructions about elimination. Which interv
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ention should the nurse implement?
mj mj mj mj
a. Move on to the discussion about medication. mj mj mj mj mj mj
b. Ask the older woman how she feels about this topic.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
c. Instruct the interpreter to repeat the instructions.
mj mj mj mj mj mj
d. Have the older woman repeat the instructions for clarity.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ANS: B mj
When working with an interpreter, the nurse closely watches the older adult for nonverbal
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
communication and emotion regarding a specific topic and therefore validates the assessme
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
nt about the older adult‘s tension before proceeding. Because the nurse notices her tension,
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
the nurse temporarily suspends the preparation to validate her assessment. If the nurse pro
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ceeds and the older adult is uncomfortable discussing elimination, then important instructio
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ns can be missed, leading to adverse effects for the older adult. Repeating the instructions
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
can aggravate the older adult‘s discomfort. Instructing the older adult to repeat the nurse‘s
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
instruction ignores her needs. mj mj mj
Ebersole and Hess' Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging in Canada
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
Veronique Boscart
mj
3RD Edition
mj
TESTBANK m
j
,Chapter 01: Introduction to Healthy Aging
mj mj mj mj mj
Touhy & Jett: Ebersole and Hess’ Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging, 3rd Ed
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ition
MULTIPLE CHOICE mj
1. A man is terminally ill with end-
mj mj mj mj mj mj
stage prostate cancer. Which is the best statement about this man‘s wellness?
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
a. Wellness can only be achieved with aggressive medical interventions.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
b. Wellness is not a real option for this client because he is terminally ill.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
c. Wellness is defined as the absence of disease. mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
d. Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
of wellness. mj
ANS: D mj
Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level of wellness; a nur
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
se can foster wellness in his or her clients. Wellness is defined by the individual and is m
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ultidimensional. It is not just the absence of disease. A wellness perspective is based on th
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
e belief that every person has an optimal level of health independent of his or her situation
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
or functional level. Even in the presence of chronic illness or while dying, a movement to
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ward wellness is possible if emphasis of care is placed on the promotion of well-
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
being in a supportive environment.
mj mj mj mj
PTS: m j 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 7 m j mj
TOP: Nursing Process: Diagnosis MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenan
mj mj mj mj m j mj mj mj
ce
2. In differentiating between health and wellness in health care, which of the followi
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ng statements is true?
mj mj mj
a. Health is a broad term encompassing attitudes and behaviors.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
b. The concept of illness prevention was never considered by previous generations.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
c. Wellness and self-actualization develop through learning and growth.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
d. Wellness is impossible when one‘s health is compromised.mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ANS: A mj
Health is a broad term that encompasses attitudes and behaviors; holistically, health includ
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
es wellness, which involves one‘s whole being. The concept of illness prevention was nev
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
er considered by previous generations; throughout history, basic self-
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
care requirements have been recognized. Wellness and self-
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
actualization develop through learning and growth— mj mj mj mj mj
as basic needs are met, higher level needs can be satisfied in turn, with ever-
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
deepening richness to life. Wellness is possible when one‘s health is compromised—
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
even with chronic illness, with multiple disabilities, or in dying, movement toward a higher
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m
level of wellness is possible.
j mj mj mj mj
PTS: m j 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 7 m j mj
TOP: Nursing Process: Evaluation MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenan
mj mj mj mj m j mj mj mj
ce
3. Which racial or ethnic group has the highest life expectancy in the United States?
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
a. Native Americans mj
b. African Americans mj
c. Hispanic Americans mj
d. Asian and Pacific Island Americans mj mj mj mj
, Chapter 02: Cross-Cultural Caring and Aging
mj mj mj mj mj
Touhy & Jett: Ebersole and Hess’ Gerontological Nursing & Healthy Aging, 3
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
rd Edition
mj
MULTIPLE CHOICE mj
1. Which of the following is a true statement about differing health belief systems?
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
a. Personalistic or magicoreligious beliefs have been superseded in Western minds mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
by biomedical principles.
mj mj
b. In most cultures, older adults are likely to treat themselves using tradition
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
al methods before turning to biomedical professionals.
mj mj mj mj mj mj
c. Ayurvedic medicine is another name for traditional Chinese medicine.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
d. The belief that health depends on maintaining a balance among opposite qualiti
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
es is characteristic of a magicoreligious belief system.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ANS: B mj
Older adults in most cultures usually have had experience with traditional methods that ha
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ve worked as well as expected. After these treatments fail, older adults turn to the formal
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
health care system. Even in the United States, it is common for older adults to pray for
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
cures or wonder what they did to incur an illness as punishment. The Ayurvedic system
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
is a naturalistic health belief system practiced in India and in some neighboring countries
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
. This belief is characteristic of a holistic or naturalistic approach.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
PTS: m j m j 1 DIF: Understand REF: p. 16-17 mj mj
TOP: m j Nursing Process: Assessment mj mj MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
m j mj mj mj
2. Which of the following consideUratiS
mj onsNis m
Tost likO
mj el y to be true when working with
mj mj
N R I G B.C M mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
an interpreter?
mj
a. An interpreter is never needed if the nurse speaks the same language as the patient.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
b. When working with interpreters, the nurse can use technical terms or metaphors.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
c. A patient‘s young granddaughter who speaks fluent English would make the be
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
st interpreter because she is familiar with and loves the patient.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
d. The nurse should face the patient rather than the interpreter.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ANS: D mj
The nurse should face the patient rather than the interpreter is a true statement; the intent i
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
s to converse with the patient, not with a third party about the patient. Many reasons may
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
prevent the patient from speaking directly to a nurse. Technical terms and metaphors may
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
be difficult or impossible to translate. Cultural restrictions may prevent some topics from b
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
eing spoken of to a grandparent or child.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
PTS: m j m j 1 DIF: Understand m j m j REF: p. 18-19 m j mj
TOP: m j Nursing Process: Implementation mj mj m j m j MSC: Safe, Effective Care Environment
m j mj mj mj
3. An older adult who is a traditional Chinese man has a blood pressure of 80/54 mm Hg an
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
d refuses to remain in the bed. Which intervention should the nurse use to promote and mai
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ntain his health? mj mj
a. Have the health care provider speak to him.
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
b. Use principles of the holistic health system.
mj mj mj mj mj mj
c. Ask about his perceptions and treatment ideas.
mj mj mj mj mj mj
, d. Consult with a practitioner of Chinese medicine. mj mj mj mj mj mj
ANS: C mj
Using the LEARN model (listen with sympathy to the patient‘s perception of the problem,
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
explain your perception of the problem, acknowledge the differences and similarities, rec
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ommend treatment, and negotiate agreement), the nurse gathers information from the patie
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
nt about cultural beliefs concerning health care and avoids stereotyping the patient. In the as
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
sessment, the nurse determines what the patient believes about caregiving, decision making,
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj m
treatment, and other pertinent health-
j mj mj mj mj
related information. Speaking with the health care provider is premature until the assessme
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
nt is complete. Unless he accepts the beliefs, principles of the holistic health system can b
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
e potentially unsuitable and insulting for this patient. Unless he accepts the treatments, con
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
sulting with a practitioner of Chinese medicine can also be unsuitable and insulting for thi
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
s patient.
mj
PTS: m j m j 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 18 m j mj
TOP: m j Nursing Process: Implementation mj mj MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
m j mj mj mj
4. Which action should the nurse take when addressing older adults?
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
a. Speak in an exaggerated pitch. mj mj mj mj
b. Use a lower quality of speech. mj mj mj mj mj
c. Use endearing terms such as ―honey.‖
mj mj mj mj mj
d. Speak clearly. mj
ANS: D mj
Some health professionals demonstrate ageism, in part because providers tend to see many f
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
rail, older persons and fewer of those who are healthy and active. Providers should not ass
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
ume that all older adults are hearing or mentally impaired. The most appropriate action
mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj mj
when addressing an older aduNltUwRoS
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learly. Examples of unintentional ageis
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m in language are an exaggerated pitch, a demeaning emotional tone, and a lower qualit
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y of speech.
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PTS: m j m j 1 DIF: Apply REF: p. 15 mj mj
TOP: m j Nursing Process: Assessment mj mj MSC: Health Promotion and Maintenance
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5. The nurse prepares an older woman, who is Polish, for discharge through an interpreter a
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nd notes that she becomes tense during the instructions about elimination. Which interv
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ention should the nurse implement?
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a. Move on to the discussion about medication. mj mj mj mj mj mj
b. Ask the older woman how she feels about this topic.
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c. Instruct the interpreter to repeat the instructions.
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d. Have the older woman repeat the instructions for clarity.
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ANS: B mj
When working with an interpreter, the nurse closely watches the older adult for nonverbal
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communication and emotion regarding a specific topic and therefore validates the assessme
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nt about the older adult‘s tension before proceeding. Because the nurse notices her tension,
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the nurse temporarily suspends the preparation to validate her assessment. If the nurse pro
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ceeds and the older adult is uncomfortable discussing elimination, then important instructio
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ns can be missed, leading to adverse effects for the older adult. Repeating the instructions
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can aggravate the older adult‘s discomfort. Instructing the older adult to repeat the nurse‘s
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instruction ignores her needs. mj mj mj
