NURS 5354 EKG EXAM
Patients who present with a AV block typically require monitoring by
a cardiologist or an 2nd and 3rd AV block require - ANSWERS-
immediate EP consultation for possible pacemaker placement
Paced rhythms Oversensing - ANSWERS-device interprets non-
cardiac sources as being cardiac which in turns results in the device
not initiating when it should
Paced Rhythm Undersensing - ANSWERS-device fails to turn off
despite a cardiac impulse being present
Paced Rhythm Capture - ANSWERS-device delivers a sufficient
impulse that results in depolarization. The waveform follows the
pacer spike
Paced Rhythm Failure to capture - ANSWERS-device fails to deliver
enough energy to illicit depolarization. As a result, there will be a
pacer spike with no corresponding depolarization or delayed
depolarizatio.
Atrial-pacing - ANSWERS-Presence of a pacing spike prior to the p-
wave
,Ventricular-pacing - ANSWERS-presence of a pacing spike prior to
the QRS complex (wide and bizarre). The pacemaker lead is usually
placed in the R V causing RV depolarizing prior to the L V. This
delayed ventricular response results in a ventricular configuration
similar to a LBBB
Atrioventricular-pacing - ANSWERS-presence of a pacing spike prior
to the p wave and QRS complex.
AOO - ANSWERS-atrial pacing but no sensing
AAI - ANSWERS-atrial pacing and atrial sensing, therefore, intrinsic
p waves inhibit atrial pacing
VOO - ANSWERS-ventricular pacing but no sensing
VVI - ANSWERS-ventricular pacing and ventricular sensing,
therefore, intrinsic QRS complexes inhibit ventricular pacing
DDD - ANSWERS-Atrial and ventricular pacing and sensing.
Attempt to maintain AV synchrony with variable atrial rates and AV
conduction
Can inhibit pacing - ANSWERS-Intrinsic p waves or QRS complexes
Intrinsic p-wave - ANSWERS-can trigger a paced QRS complex
, Digitalis toxicity results in - ANSWERS-dysrhythmias associated w/
increased automaticity and decreased AV conduction
Digitalis toxicity rhythms - ANSWERS-paroxysmal atrial
tachycardia, accelerated junctional rhythm, bidirectional ventricular
tachycardia (torsades), and AVF block
Hypothermia ECG changes - ANSWERS-bradyarrhythmias and
prolonged PR, QRS, and QT intervals; Osborn/J waves
Osborn or J wave - ANSWERS-an extra wave at the J point
Acute Pericarditis Stage I - ANSWERS-characterized as diffuse,
concave upward ST segment elevation in most leads with subtle or
overt PR depression
Acute Pericarditis Stage II - ANSWERS-characterized by ST segment
elevation and PR depression returning to baseline. Pt may also have
normal or flattened T waves
Acute Pericarditis Stage III - ANSWERS-Inverted T-waves
Acute Pericarditis Stage IV - ANSWERS-Characterized by the ECG
returning back to normal
Patients who present with a AV block typically require monitoring by
a cardiologist or an 2nd and 3rd AV block require - ANSWERS-
immediate EP consultation for possible pacemaker placement
Paced rhythms Oversensing - ANSWERS-device interprets non-
cardiac sources as being cardiac which in turns results in the device
not initiating when it should
Paced Rhythm Undersensing - ANSWERS-device fails to turn off
despite a cardiac impulse being present
Paced Rhythm Capture - ANSWERS-device delivers a sufficient
impulse that results in depolarization. The waveform follows the
pacer spike
Paced Rhythm Failure to capture - ANSWERS-device fails to deliver
enough energy to illicit depolarization. As a result, there will be a
pacer spike with no corresponding depolarization or delayed
depolarizatio.
Atrial-pacing - ANSWERS-Presence of a pacing spike prior to the p-
wave
,Ventricular-pacing - ANSWERS-presence of a pacing spike prior to
the QRS complex (wide and bizarre). The pacemaker lead is usually
placed in the R V causing RV depolarizing prior to the L V. This
delayed ventricular response results in a ventricular configuration
similar to a LBBB
Atrioventricular-pacing - ANSWERS-presence of a pacing spike prior
to the p wave and QRS complex.
AOO - ANSWERS-atrial pacing but no sensing
AAI - ANSWERS-atrial pacing and atrial sensing, therefore, intrinsic
p waves inhibit atrial pacing
VOO - ANSWERS-ventricular pacing but no sensing
VVI - ANSWERS-ventricular pacing and ventricular sensing,
therefore, intrinsic QRS complexes inhibit ventricular pacing
DDD - ANSWERS-Atrial and ventricular pacing and sensing.
Attempt to maintain AV synchrony with variable atrial rates and AV
conduction
Can inhibit pacing - ANSWERS-Intrinsic p waves or QRS complexes
Intrinsic p-wave - ANSWERS-can trigger a paced QRS complex
, Digitalis toxicity results in - ANSWERS-dysrhythmias associated w/
increased automaticity and decreased AV conduction
Digitalis toxicity rhythms - ANSWERS-paroxysmal atrial
tachycardia, accelerated junctional rhythm, bidirectional ventricular
tachycardia (torsades), and AVF block
Hypothermia ECG changes - ANSWERS-bradyarrhythmias and
prolonged PR, QRS, and QT intervals; Osborn/J waves
Osborn or J wave - ANSWERS-an extra wave at the J point
Acute Pericarditis Stage I - ANSWERS-characterized as diffuse,
concave upward ST segment elevation in most leads with subtle or
overt PR depression
Acute Pericarditis Stage II - ANSWERS-characterized by ST segment
elevation and PR depression returning to baseline. Pt may also have
normal or flattened T waves
Acute Pericarditis Stage III - ANSWERS-Inverted T-waves
Acute Pericarditis Stage IV - ANSWERS-Characterized by the ECG
returning back to normal
