CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
Q1
Reference: Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Stem: A 52-year-old man with a 30-pack-year smoking history
asks which preventive intervention will most reduce his long-
term risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. Which
recommendation most directly reduces both risks?
A. Begin annual low-dose CT screening for lung cancer
B. Start nicotine-replacement therapy and a structured quit
,plan now
C. Schedule a coronary artery calcium score to stratify heart
disease risk
D. Start aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events
Correct answer: B
Rationale — correct (B): Smoking cessation is the single most
effective intervention to reduce future risk of lung cancer and
cardiovascular disease; combining pharmacotherapy (e.g.,
nicotine replacement) with a structured quit plan improves quit
rates. (2 sentences)
Rationale — incorrect:
A. Annual low-dose CT screening reduces lung-cancer mortality
in selected high-risk adults but does not reduce cardiovascular
risk and is secondary prevention. (1–2 sentences)
C. Coronary artery calcium scoring helps risk stratification but
does not itself reduce risk; risk reduction requires risk-factor
modification. (1 sentence)
D. Aspirin for primary prevention carries bleeding risk and has
limited benefit in many middle-aged adults; it does not address
tobacco exposure. (1–2 sentences)
Teaching point: Tobacco cessation yields the greatest
simultaneous risk reduction for cancer and heart disease.
Citation (APA): Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical
Diagnosis & Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
,Q2
Reference: Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Stem: A 28-year-old woman planning pregnancy asks about
preconception immunizations. Which vaccine is most important
to update before conception to prevent severe fetal harm?
A. Influenza (inactivated) vaccine
B. Measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccine
C. Tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine
D. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine
Correct answer: B
Rationale — correct (B): Live attenuated MMR is
contraindicated during pregnancy and should be given before
conception if nonimmune, because maternal measles or rubella
infection during pregnancy can cause severe fetal morbidity
(especially congenital rubella). (2 sentences)
Rationale — incorrect:
A. Inactivated influenza vaccine is recommended during
pregnancy but can also be given during pregnancy; updating
preconception is beneficial but less critical for teratogenic risk.
(1–2 sentences)
C. Tdap is recommended during each pregnancy (third
trimester) to protect the neonate; timing differs from
preconception priorities. (1 sentence)
, D. HPV vaccine prevents cancer but is not required specifically
preconception to avoid fetal malformation. (1 sentence)
Teaching point: Administer MMR to nonimmune women before
conception to prevent congenital infection.
Citation (APA): Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical
Diagnosis & Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Q3
Reference: Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Stem: During an annual visit, a 66-year-old woman with well-
controlled hypertension asks whether she should have
osteoporosis screening. Which approach best follows
prevention guidelines?
A. No screening until she has a fragility fracture
B. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at age 66 and
repeat interval based on results
C. Start bisphosphonate empirically without imaging because of
age >65
D. Serum vitamin D measurement only, no imaging
Correct answer: B
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion
Q1
Reference: Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Stem: A 52-year-old man with a 30-pack-year smoking history
asks which preventive intervention will most reduce his long-
term risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. Which
recommendation most directly reduces both risks?
A. Begin annual low-dose CT screening for lung cancer
B. Start nicotine-replacement therapy and a structured quit
,plan now
C. Schedule a coronary artery calcium score to stratify heart
disease risk
D. Start aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular events
Correct answer: B
Rationale — correct (B): Smoking cessation is the single most
effective intervention to reduce future risk of lung cancer and
cardiovascular disease; combining pharmacotherapy (e.g.,
nicotine replacement) with a structured quit plan improves quit
rates. (2 sentences)
Rationale — incorrect:
A. Annual low-dose CT screening reduces lung-cancer mortality
in selected high-risk adults but does not reduce cardiovascular
risk and is secondary prevention. (1–2 sentences)
C. Coronary artery calcium scoring helps risk stratification but
does not itself reduce risk; risk reduction requires risk-factor
modification. (1 sentence)
D. Aspirin for primary prevention carries bleeding risk and has
limited benefit in many middle-aged adults; it does not address
tobacco exposure. (1–2 sentences)
Teaching point: Tobacco cessation yields the greatest
simultaneous risk reduction for cancer and heart disease.
Citation (APA): Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical
Diagnosis & Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
,Q2
Reference: Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Stem: A 28-year-old woman planning pregnancy asks about
preconception immunizations. Which vaccine is most important
to update before conception to prevent severe fetal harm?
A. Influenza (inactivated) vaccine
B. Measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccine
C. Tetanus–diphtheria–acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine
D. Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine
Correct answer: B
Rationale — correct (B): Live attenuated MMR is
contraindicated during pregnancy and should be given before
conception if nonimmune, because maternal measles or rubella
infection during pregnancy can cause severe fetal morbidity
(especially congenital rubella). (2 sentences)
Rationale — incorrect:
A. Inactivated influenza vaccine is recommended during
pregnancy but can also be given during pregnancy; updating
preconception is beneficial but less critical for teratogenic risk.
(1–2 sentences)
C. Tdap is recommended during each pregnancy (third
trimester) to protect the neonate; timing differs from
preconception priorities. (1 sentence)
, D. HPV vaccine prevents cancer but is not required specifically
preconception to avoid fetal malformation. (1 sentence)
Teaching point: Administer MMR to nonimmune women before
conception to prevent congenital infection.
Citation (APA): Papadakis et al. (2025). CURRENT Medical
Diagnosis & Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.). Ch. 1.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Q3
Reference: Ch. 1 — Disease Prevention & Health Promotion.
accessmedicine.mhmedical.com
Stem: During an annual visit, a 66-year-old woman with well-
controlled hypertension asks whether she should have
osteoporosis screening. Which approach best follows
prevention guidelines?
A. No screening until she has a fragility fracture
B. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at age 66 and
repeat interval based on results
C. Start bisphosphonate empirically without imaging because of
age >65
D. Serum vitamin D measurement only, no imaging
Correct answer: B
