CURRENT Medical Diagnosis and
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
Ch. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Preventive
Services & Counseling
(1)
Reference: Ch. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion —
Preventive Services & Counseling
,Question Stem: A 52-year-old woman with well-controlled
hypertension presents for routine care. She has never had colon
cancer screening. Which preventive strategy most appropriately
aligns with USPSTF recommendations and maximizes
population-level mortality reduction for average-risk adults?
Options:
A. Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) annually starting now.
B. Colonoscopy every 10 years starting at age 52.
C. CT colonography every 5 years starting now.
D. No screening necessary until age 60 given her controlled
comorbidity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• A (Correct): Annual FIT is a guideline-supported,
noninvasive screening option that, when performed yearly
and followed by colonoscopy when positive, reduces
colorectal cancer mortality in average-risk adults and is
appropriate when colonoscopy is not immediately
selected.
• B: Colonoscopy every 10 years is an effective screening
strategy but starting at age 52 is acceptable — however
the stem asks for the option that maximizes feasibility and
population-level mortality reduction; annual FIT is less
invasive and increases screening adherence.
• C: CT colonography is an alternative for some patients
every 5 years but is less widely recommended as first-line
, population strategy and requires follow-up colonoscopy for
polyps.
• D: Deferring screening to age 60 is inconsistent with
screening recommendations for average-risk adults
beginning at age 45–50 depending on guideline; delaying
reduces early detection and mortality benefit.
Teaching Point: Offer age-appropriate colorectal screening;
FIT annually increases adherence and reduces mortality.
Citation (Simplified APA): Papadakis et al. (2026).
CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.).
Ch. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion.
(2)
Reference: Ch. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion —
Immunizations & Adult Vaccination
Question Stem: A 67-year-old man with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease presents for routine care in November. He
received influenza vaccine last season. Which immunization
plan best reduces his risk of severe influenza and pneumococcal
disease this season?
Options:
A. Administer high-dose influenza vaccine now and PCV15
followed by PPSV23 in 12 months.
B. Defer influenza vaccine until next spring and administer
PPSV23 now.
C. Administer standard influenza vaccine only; no
, pneumococcal vaccines needed because he’s under 70.
D. Give PCV13 now and no influenza vaccine this season.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• A (Correct): For older adults and those with chronic lung
disease, high-dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccine reduces
severe influenza outcomes; pneumococcal conjugate
(PCV15/PCV20) followed by PPSV23 per current guidance
offers broader protection against invasive pneumococcal
disease.
• B: Deferring influenza vaccination misses seasonal
protection—vaccination in the fall is appropriate.
Administering only PPSV23 without conjugate vaccine is
suboptimal in many current recommendations.
• C: Standard influenza vaccine may be less effective than
high-dose in older adults; pneumococcal vaccination is
indicated in chronic lung disease regardless of being under
70.
• D: PCV13 alone is older guidance; current practice often
uses PCV15 or PCV20; omitting influenza vaccination is
inappropriate.
Teaching Point: Use age- and risk-appropriate influenza
and pneumococcal vaccines (high-dose flu; PCV15/20 ±
PPSV23).
Citation (Simplified APA): Papadakis et al. (2026).
Treatment 2026
65th Edition
Author(s)Maxine A. Papadakis; Michael
W. Rabow; Kenneth R. McQuaid; Paul L.
Nadler; Erika Leemann Price
TEST BANK
Ch. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion — Preventive
Services & Counseling
(1)
Reference: Ch. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion —
Preventive Services & Counseling
,Question Stem: A 52-year-old woman with well-controlled
hypertension presents for routine care. She has never had colon
cancer screening. Which preventive strategy most appropriately
aligns with USPSTF recommendations and maximizes
population-level mortality reduction for average-risk adults?
Options:
A. Fecal immunochemical test (FIT) annually starting now.
B. Colonoscopy every 10 years starting at age 52.
C. CT colonography every 5 years starting now.
D. No screening necessary until age 60 given her controlled
comorbidity.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• A (Correct): Annual FIT is a guideline-supported,
noninvasive screening option that, when performed yearly
and followed by colonoscopy when positive, reduces
colorectal cancer mortality in average-risk adults and is
appropriate when colonoscopy is not immediately
selected.
• B: Colonoscopy every 10 years is an effective screening
strategy but starting at age 52 is acceptable — however
the stem asks for the option that maximizes feasibility and
population-level mortality reduction; annual FIT is less
invasive and increases screening adherence.
• C: CT colonography is an alternative for some patients
every 5 years but is less widely recommended as first-line
, population strategy and requires follow-up colonoscopy for
polyps.
• D: Deferring screening to age 60 is inconsistent with
screening recommendations for average-risk adults
beginning at age 45–50 depending on guideline; delaying
reduces early detection and mortality benefit.
Teaching Point: Offer age-appropriate colorectal screening;
FIT annually increases adherence and reduces mortality.
Citation (Simplified APA): Papadakis et al. (2026).
CURRENT Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2026 (65th Ed.).
Ch. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion.
(2)
Reference: Ch. Disease Prevention & Health Promotion —
Immunizations & Adult Vaccination
Question Stem: A 67-year-old man with chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease presents for routine care in November. He
received influenza vaccine last season. Which immunization
plan best reduces his risk of severe influenza and pneumococcal
disease this season?
Options:
A. Administer high-dose influenza vaccine now and PCV15
followed by PPSV23 in 12 months.
B. Defer influenza vaccine until next spring and administer
PPSV23 now.
C. Administer standard influenza vaccine only; no
, pneumococcal vaccines needed because he’s under 70.
D. Give PCV13 now and no influenza vaccine this season.
Correct Answer: A
Rationales:
• A (Correct): For older adults and those with chronic lung
disease, high-dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccine reduces
severe influenza outcomes; pneumococcal conjugate
(PCV15/PCV20) followed by PPSV23 per current guidance
offers broader protection against invasive pneumococcal
disease.
• B: Deferring influenza vaccination misses seasonal
protection—vaccination in the fall is appropriate.
Administering only PPSV23 without conjugate vaccine is
suboptimal in many current recommendations.
• C: Standard influenza vaccine may be less effective than
high-dose in older adults; pneumococcal vaccination is
indicated in chronic lung disease regardless of being under
70.
• D: PCV13 alone is older guidance; current practice often
uses PCV15 or PCV20; omitting influenza vaccination is
inappropriate.
Teaching Point: Use age- and risk-appropriate influenza
and pneumococcal vaccines (high-dose flu; PCV15/20 ±
PPSV23).
Citation (Simplified APA): Papadakis et al. (2026).
