PKSC 2020 Test 1 - Fall 25 EXAM (updated 2025) Questions & Answers
| Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026 PKSC 2020 Test 1 - Fall
22
-------------- Paper Manufacturing Process ---------------- - ✔✔----------------
---------------------------------
------------------ Wood and Pulp Industry Slides ---------------------- - ✔✔----
----------------------------------------------------------
-------------------- Pulp Production Process Slides --------------------- - ✔✔---
-----------------------------------------------------------
------------------Manufacturing Definitions Slides ---------------------- - ✔✔--
------------------------------------------------------------
3 levels of structure considered in packaging: - ✔✔Atomic,
Microscopic, Macroscopic
5 packaging materials: - ✔✔Paper, Plastic, Steel, Aluminum, Glass
Binders: - ✔✔aid fiber to fiber bonding
- natural (starches) and synthetic polymers
- make paper stiffer
- improves burst, tensile, and folding strength
,- reduces water penetration
Bleaching - ✔✔- uses compounds containing chlorine/oxygen
- different treatments get more specific
Blending of raw materials - ✔✔- mixed in blending chest
- blend of pulp, fillers, binders, sizing agents, & coloring
- diluted based on grade/basis weight
- blend is moved to 'stuff box'
Calendering & Coating - ✔✔- rolls compress paper to uniform
thickness
- coatings applied at end of paper machine or later
Cellulose - ✔✔- linear polymer, mostly crystalline in wood
- hydrogen bonding = high strength
- gives paper strength, flexibility, and water sensitivity (polar)
Chemical composition: - ✔✔- mostly cellulose -> lignin ->
hemicellulose
- also contains extractives (not used in product)
, - mostly carbon -> oxygen
Chemical properties: - ✔✔oxidation, corrosion, leaching, general
degradation
we don't want reactions to occur with product or environment
Chemical used in Kraft/Sulfate pulp production: - ✔✔Sodium
Hydroxide
Chemical used in Sulfite pulp production: - ✔✔Bisulfite
Delamination - ✔✔alters fiber wall -> more fibrils exposed -> more
area to contact other fibrils
Dewatering Cylinder Paper - ✔✔- difficult to do with multiple plies
- suction used to dry without crushing
- cylinder paper shipped in sheet form
Dewatering: - ✔✔- water drains through wire mesh leaving fibers to
interlock
- mesh affects paper smoothness
- 'whitewater' is recovered to be reused
| Latest Already Graded A+ UPDATE 2025|2026 PKSC 2020 Test 1 - Fall
22
-------------- Paper Manufacturing Process ---------------- - ✔✔----------------
---------------------------------
------------------ Wood and Pulp Industry Slides ---------------------- - ✔✔----
----------------------------------------------------------
-------------------- Pulp Production Process Slides --------------------- - ✔✔---
-----------------------------------------------------------
------------------Manufacturing Definitions Slides ---------------------- - ✔✔--
------------------------------------------------------------
3 levels of structure considered in packaging: - ✔✔Atomic,
Microscopic, Macroscopic
5 packaging materials: - ✔✔Paper, Plastic, Steel, Aluminum, Glass
Binders: - ✔✔aid fiber to fiber bonding
- natural (starches) and synthetic polymers
- make paper stiffer
- improves burst, tensile, and folding strength
,- reduces water penetration
Bleaching - ✔✔- uses compounds containing chlorine/oxygen
- different treatments get more specific
Blending of raw materials - ✔✔- mixed in blending chest
- blend of pulp, fillers, binders, sizing agents, & coloring
- diluted based on grade/basis weight
- blend is moved to 'stuff box'
Calendering & Coating - ✔✔- rolls compress paper to uniform
thickness
- coatings applied at end of paper machine or later
Cellulose - ✔✔- linear polymer, mostly crystalline in wood
- hydrogen bonding = high strength
- gives paper strength, flexibility, and water sensitivity (polar)
Chemical composition: - ✔✔- mostly cellulose -> lignin ->
hemicellulose
- also contains extractives (not used in product)
, - mostly carbon -> oxygen
Chemical properties: - ✔✔oxidation, corrosion, leaching, general
degradation
we don't want reactions to occur with product or environment
Chemical used in Kraft/Sulfate pulp production: - ✔✔Sodium
Hydroxide
Chemical used in Sulfite pulp production: - ✔✔Bisulfite
Delamination - ✔✔alters fiber wall -> more fibrils exposed -> more
area to contact other fibrils
Dewatering Cylinder Paper - ✔✔- difficult to do with multiple plies
- suction used to dry without crushing
- cylinder paper shipped in sheet form
Dewatering: - ✔✔- water drains through wire mesh leaving fibers to
interlock
- mesh affects paper smoothness
- 'whitewater' is recovered to be reused
