ANTH 161 Exam 2 Review Questions with Correct Answers
taxonomy - Answers the field that establishes the rules for classification
analogies - Answers similarities between species that are the result of convergent evolution
homologies - Answers similarities between species that are jointly inherited from a common
ancestor
phylogenetic relationships - Answers the way in which types of organisms are related
clade - Answers group of organisms with shared derived characteristics
taxonomic order - Answers kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
prototheria (mammal subclass) - Answers egg laying mammals
metatheria (mammal subclass) - Answers born immature, pouches
eutheria (mammal subclass) - Answers placentas
domains - Answers -added by Carl Woese in 1977
-archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes
species - Answers a population or group of populations that is capable of interbreeding but that
is reproductively isolated from other similar populations
speciation - Answers lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species
factors leading to speciation - Answers -geographic isolation
-reduced gene flow
isolating mechanisms - Answers barriers to reproduction
prezygotic isolation mechanisms - Answers -ecological isolation
, -seasonal isolation
-behavioral isolation (different courtship methods)
-mechanical isolation
-gamete isolation (reproductive cells are incompatible)
postzygotic isolation - Answers -hybrid inviability (zygote does not survive)
-hybrid sterility (hybrids survive but cannot produce future gametes)
-hybrid weakness (hybrids have lower fertility levels)
primatology - Answers the study of primates
how are humans and apes similar? - Answers anatomy, brain structure, genetics, biochemistry
primates: grasping hands and feet - Answers -flexible, dexterous hands and feet
-opposable thumbs on hands, partially opposable thumbs on feet
primates: grasping babies - Answers -primate infants automatically grasp if something is put in
their hands
-non-human primate infants use this to grab onto their mothers' hair as they move through trees
primates: sensitive hands - Answers -experience the world through touch
-the pads on the ends of the fingers are very sensitive
-fingernails, not claws
primates: vision - Answers -stereoscopic, 3D vision
-eyes on the front of the face which results in overlapping fields of vision
-color vision
primates: reduction in sense of smell - Answers -eyesight and touch are much more important
-most primates have a small muzzle, flat face
-baboons are an exception, they have a large muzzle
primates: intelligence/brain - Answers -larger brains which allow for data processing
-increased neocortex (part of brain connected to memory and thought)
primates: birth - Answers -generally have single births
taxonomy - Answers the field that establishes the rules for classification
analogies - Answers similarities between species that are the result of convergent evolution
homologies - Answers similarities between species that are jointly inherited from a common
ancestor
phylogenetic relationships - Answers the way in which types of organisms are related
clade - Answers group of organisms with shared derived characteristics
taxonomic order - Answers kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species
prototheria (mammal subclass) - Answers egg laying mammals
metatheria (mammal subclass) - Answers born immature, pouches
eutheria (mammal subclass) - Answers placentas
domains - Answers -added by Carl Woese in 1977
-archaea, bacteria, eukaryotes
species - Answers a population or group of populations that is capable of interbreeding but that
is reproductively isolated from other similar populations
speciation - Answers lineage-splitting event that produces two or more separate species
factors leading to speciation - Answers -geographic isolation
-reduced gene flow
isolating mechanisms - Answers barriers to reproduction
prezygotic isolation mechanisms - Answers -ecological isolation
, -seasonal isolation
-behavioral isolation (different courtship methods)
-mechanical isolation
-gamete isolation (reproductive cells are incompatible)
postzygotic isolation - Answers -hybrid inviability (zygote does not survive)
-hybrid sterility (hybrids survive but cannot produce future gametes)
-hybrid weakness (hybrids have lower fertility levels)
primatology - Answers the study of primates
how are humans and apes similar? - Answers anatomy, brain structure, genetics, biochemistry
primates: grasping hands and feet - Answers -flexible, dexterous hands and feet
-opposable thumbs on hands, partially opposable thumbs on feet
primates: grasping babies - Answers -primate infants automatically grasp if something is put in
their hands
-non-human primate infants use this to grab onto their mothers' hair as they move through trees
primates: sensitive hands - Answers -experience the world through touch
-the pads on the ends of the fingers are very sensitive
-fingernails, not claws
primates: vision - Answers -stereoscopic, 3D vision
-eyes on the front of the face which results in overlapping fields of vision
-color vision
primates: reduction in sense of smell - Answers -eyesight and touch are much more important
-most primates have a small muzzle, flat face
-baboons are an exception, they have a large muzzle
primates: intelligence/brain - Answers -larger brains which allow for data processing
-increased neocortex (part of brain connected to memory and thought)
primates: birth - Answers -generally have single births
