INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS AND
PROGRAMMING CHAPTER 1 STUDY GUIDE
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW WITH SOLVED
QUESTIONS 2026
◉software . Answer: essential to a computer because without it, a
computer can do nothing
◉programmer . Answer: a person with the training and skills necessary
to design, create, and test computer programs; also called a software
developer
◉hardware . Answer: the physical components that a computer is made
of; system of devices including the central processing unit (CPU), main
memory (RAM), secondary storage devices, input devices, and output
devices
◉running a program . Answer: when a computer is performing the tasks
that a program tells it to do
◉central processing unit . Answer: CPU; the part of a computer that
actually runs programs; most important component in a computer
, ◉microprocessors . Answer: small chips; today's CPUs
◉control unit . Answer: part of the CPU that coordinates all of the
computer's operations; responsible for determining where to get the next
instruction and regulating the other major components of the computer
with control signals
◉arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) . Answer: part of the CPU that is
designed to perform mathematical operations
◉fetch/decode/execute cycle . Answer: cycle process that the CPU is
engaged in when a computer is running a program
◉fetch . Answer: the CPU's control unit fetches, from main memory, the
next instruction in the sequence of program instructions
◉decode . Answer: the instruction is encoded in the form of a number;
the control unit decodes the instruction and generates an electronic
signal
◉execute . Answer: the signs is routed to the appropriate component of
the computer (such as the ALU, a diet drive, or some other device); the
signal causes the component to perform an operation
PROGRAMMING CHAPTER 1 STUDY GUIDE
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW WITH SOLVED
QUESTIONS 2026
◉software . Answer: essential to a computer because without it, a
computer can do nothing
◉programmer . Answer: a person with the training and skills necessary
to design, create, and test computer programs; also called a software
developer
◉hardware . Answer: the physical components that a computer is made
of; system of devices including the central processing unit (CPU), main
memory (RAM), secondary storage devices, input devices, and output
devices
◉running a program . Answer: when a computer is performing the tasks
that a program tells it to do
◉central processing unit . Answer: CPU; the part of a computer that
actually runs programs; most important component in a computer
, ◉microprocessors . Answer: small chips; today's CPUs
◉control unit . Answer: part of the CPU that coordinates all of the
computer's operations; responsible for determining where to get the next
instruction and regulating the other major components of the computer
with control signals
◉arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) . Answer: part of the CPU that is
designed to perform mathematical operations
◉fetch/decode/execute cycle . Answer: cycle process that the CPU is
engaged in when a computer is running a program
◉fetch . Answer: the CPU's control unit fetches, from main memory, the
next instruction in the sequence of program instructions
◉decode . Answer: the instruction is encoded in the form of a number;
the control unit decodes the instruction and generates an electronic
signal
◉execute . Answer: the signs is routed to the appropriate component of
the computer (such as the ALU, a diet drive, or some other device); the
signal causes the component to perform an operation
