,CHAPTER 1: EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse realizes that the primary focus of nursing is on the:
a. illness. c. treatment of the illness.
b. cause of the illness. d. client’s response to the illness.
ANS: D
Nursing requires a delicate balance of promoting clients’ independence and dependence.
Nursing focuses not on illness but rather on the client’s response to illness. The practice of
physicians or medicine focuses on the cause of the illness and the treatment of the illness.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Introduction
2. While studying the history of nursing, the nurse realizes that the first hospital in the
West was established by:
a. Fabiola. c. Florence Nightingale.
b. Hygiea. d. Dorothea Dix.
ANS: A
Fabiola founded the first hospital in 390 AD. Hygiea was the goddess of health according
to the ancient Greeks. Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing,
and she lived from 1820 to 1910. Dorothea Dix practiced nursing during the Civil War.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Table 1-1| Evolution of Nursing
3. The nurse realizes that religion affected the development of nursing which began:
a. in India around 800-600 BC. c. during the Middle Ages.
b. during the Roman Empire. d. at the time of the Renaissance.
ANS: A
The strong influence of religions on the development of nursing started in India between
800 to 600 BC. The crusades of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance occurred after 600
BC. There is no documentation of religious influences on the development of nursing during
the Roman Empire.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Religious Influences
4. Reflecting on the impact of wars on the evolution of nursing, the nurse realizes that:
a. the need for nurses increased during and after major wars.
b. poor conditions during wars caused a decline in nursing care.
c. wars have been the stimulus for most nursing advances.
d. wars have had little effect on the evolution of nursing.
ANS: A
During wartime, the need for nurses increases dramatically, both at home and in the field.
Poor conditions during wars did not cause a decline in nursing care. Wars may or may not
have been the stimulus for nursing advances; however, wars have effected the evolution of
nursing care.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Demands of War
5. The nurse realizes that which of the following is a belief that Florence Nightingale had
about nursing education?
a. Basing education on a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health
, b. Needing a practical basis for nursing practice
c. Creating an environment that serves physicians is most important
d. Basing the nursing curriculum on medical knowledge
ANS: A
Florence Nightingale had specific beliefs about nursing education. The first is that it is
based upon a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health. Nightingale also believed
that there is a need for a theoretical basis for nursing practice and not a practical basis.
She also believed in the importance of creating an environment that promotes healing and
not an environment that served physicians. One additional belief was that the nursing
curriculum should be based upon nursing knowledge and not medical knowledge.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)
6. The nurse realizes that the Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas’s
Hospital in London was:
a. the first school of nursing in the West.
b. the first nursing school to provide both theory-based knowledge and clinical skill building.
c. the first school of nursing to accept women.
d. established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War.
ANS: B
The Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas’s Hospital in London was the first
school for nurses that provided both theory-based knowledge and clinical skills. This was
not the first school of nursing in the West nor the first school of nursing to accept women.
This school was not established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)
7. The nurse, considering home care nursing, realizes that Lillian Wald is noted as being:
a. the first nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the United States.
b. Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War.
c. the first community health nurse.
d. the founder of the American Nurses Association.
ANS: C
Lillian Wald spent her life providing nursing care to the indigent and, in 1893, as the first
community health nurse, she founded public health nursing with the establishment of the
Henry Street Settlement Service. Wald was not the first nurse to graduate from a school of
nursing in the United States nor was she the Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War.
She was not the founder of the American Nurses Association.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders: Lillian Wald
8. The nurse, giving direction to a nursing assistant for client care, realizes that which of the
following nurse leaders opposed the movement to put untrained nursing aides under the
control of physicians during World War I?
a. Clara Barton c. Annie Goodrich
b. Isabel Hampton Robb d. Jane Delano
ANS: D
During World War I, Delano was opposed to the aide education plan created by
physicians who wanted the Red Cross to put untrained nursing aides at their sides to assist
with war casualties. Annie Goodrich was in favor of the physicians’ aide education plan.
Robb was a supporter of the rights of nursing students. Clara Barton was a nurse during the
Civil War.
, PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
9. The nurse, assisting nursing students with providing client care, realizes that Isabel Hampton
Robb is noted for which of the following?
a. Opposing the organization of nurses
b. Establishing the American Red Cross
c. Believing that the nursing student was a learner, not an employee
d. Establishing the Frontier Nursing Service
ANS: C
Isabel Hampton Robb was an early supporter of the rights of nursing students and
emphasized the role of the nursing student as a learner instead of an employee. Robb did
not oppose the organization of nurses since she founded several nursing organizations.
Robb did not establish the American Red Cross nor did she establish the Frontier Nursing
Service.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
10. While researching a client health care issue, the nurse realizes that the nurse who wrote
one of the first nursing textbooks was:
a. Lavinia Dock.
b. Mary Breckinridge.
c. Martha Franklin.
d. Amelia Greenwald.
ANS: A
Lavinia Dock was an influential leader in American nursing education; she wrote one of the
first nursing textbooks as well as being the first editor of the American Journal of Nursing.
Mary Breckinridge created the Frontier Nursing Service. Martha Franklin advocated for
racial equality in nursing. Amelia Greenwald was a catalyst for international public health
nursing.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
11. While documenting in a client’s record, the nurse remembers that the nurse leader who
introduced the practice of keeping nurses’ notes was:
a. Mamie Hale. c. Harriet Neuton Phillips.
b. Mary Mahoney. d. Linda Richards.
ANS: D
Linda Richards introduced the practice of keeping nurses’ notes and physicians’ orders as
part of medical records. Mamie Hale upgraded the educational programs for midwives.
Mary Mahoney was America’s first African American professional nurse. Harriet Neuton
Phillips was the first American nurse to receive a training certificate.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
12. While reviewing a client’s health insurance plan, the nurse remembers that the first
prepaid medical plan was started in:
a. Pacific Northwest lumber and mining camps.
b. Chicago.
c. New York City.
d. Washington
DC. ANS: A
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The nurse realizes that the primary focus of nursing is on the:
a. illness. c. treatment of the illness.
b. cause of the illness. d. client’s response to the illness.
ANS: D
Nursing requires a delicate balance of promoting clients’ independence and dependence.
Nursing focuses not on illness but rather on the client’s response to illness. The practice of
physicians or medicine focuses on the cause of the illness and the treatment of the illness.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Introduction
2. While studying the history of nursing, the nurse realizes that the first hospital in the
West was established by:
a. Fabiola. c. Florence Nightingale.
b. Hygiea. d. Dorothea Dix.
ANS: A
Fabiola founded the first hospital in 390 AD. Hygiea was the goddess of health according
to the ancient Greeks. Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing,
and she lived from 1820 to 1910. Dorothea Dix practiced nursing during the Civil War.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Table 1-1| Evolution of Nursing
3. The nurse realizes that religion affected the development of nursing which began:
a. in India around 800-600 BC. c. during the Middle Ages.
b. during the Roman Empire. d. at the time of the Renaissance.
ANS: A
The strong influence of religions on the development of nursing started in India between
800 to 600 BC. The crusades of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance occurred after 600
BC. There is no documentation of religious influences on the development of nursing during
the Roman Empire.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Religious Influences
4. Reflecting on the impact of wars on the evolution of nursing, the nurse realizes that:
a. the need for nurses increased during and after major wars.
b. poor conditions during wars caused a decline in nursing care.
c. wars have been the stimulus for most nursing advances.
d. wars have had little effect on the evolution of nursing.
ANS: A
During wartime, the need for nurses increases dramatically, both at home and in the field.
Poor conditions during wars did not cause a decline in nursing care. Wars may or may not
have been the stimulus for nursing advances; however, wars have effected the evolution of
nursing care.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Demands of War
5. The nurse realizes that which of the following is a belief that Florence Nightingale had
about nursing education?
a. Basing education on a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health
, b. Needing a practical basis for nursing practice
c. Creating an environment that serves physicians is most important
d. Basing the nursing curriculum on medical knowledge
ANS: A
Florence Nightingale had specific beliefs about nursing education. The first is that it is
based upon a holistic framework inclusive of illness and health. Nightingale also believed
that there is a need for a theoretical basis for nursing practice and not a practical basis.
She also believed in the importance of creating an environment that promotes healing and
not an environment that served physicians. One additional belief was that the nursing
curriculum should be based upon nursing knowledge and not medical knowledge.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)
6. The nurse realizes that the Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas’s
Hospital in London was:
a. the first school of nursing in the West.
b. the first nursing school to provide both theory-based knowledge and clinical skill building.
c. the first school of nursing to accept women.
d. established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War.
ANS: B
The Nightingale Training School of Nurses at St. Thomas’s Hospital in London was the first
school for nurses that provided both theory-based knowledge and clinical skills. This was
not the first school of nursing in the West nor the first school of nursing to accept women.
This school was not established to provide nurses to fight in the Crimean War.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910)
7. The nurse, considering home care nursing, realizes that Lillian Wald is noted as being:
a. the first nurse to graduate from a school of nursing in the United States.
b. Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War.
c. the first community health nurse.
d. the founder of the American Nurses Association.
ANS: C
Lillian Wald spent her life providing nursing care to the indigent and, in 1893, as the first
community health nurse, she founded public health nursing with the establishment of the
Henry Street Settlement Service. Wald was not the first nurse to graduate from a school of
nursing in the United States nor was she the Superintendent of Nurses during the Civil War.
She was not the founder of the American Nurses Association.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders: Lillian Wald
8. The nurse, giving direction to a nursing assistant for client care, realizes that which of the
following nurse leaders opposed the movement to put untrained nursing aides under the
control of physicians during World War I?
a. Clara Barton c. Annie Goodrich
b. Isabel Hampton Robb d. Jane Delano
ANS: D
During World War I, Delano was opposed to the aide education plan created by
physicians who wanted the Red Cross to put untrained nursing aides at their sides to assist
with war casualties. Annie Goodrich was in favor of the physicians’ aide education plan.
Robb was a supporter of the rights of nursing students. Clara Barton was a nurse during the
Civil War.
, PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
9. The nurse, assisting nursing students with providing client care, realizes that Isabel Hampton
Robb is noted for which of the following?
a. Opposing the organization of nurses
b. Establishing the American Red Cross
c. Believing that the nursing student was a learner, not an employee
d. Establishing the Frontier Nursing Service
ANS: C
Isabel Hampton Robb was an early supporter of the rights of nursing students and
emphasized the role of the nursing student as a learner instead of an employee. Robb did
not oppose the organization of nurses since she founded several nursing organizations.
Robb did not establish the American Red Cross nor did she establish the Frontier Nursing
Service.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
10. While researching a client health care issue, the nurse realizes that the nurse who wrote
one of the first nursing textbooks was:
a. Lavinia Dock.
b. Mary Breckinridge.
c. Martha Franklin.
d. Amelia Greenwald.
ANS: A
Lavinia Dock was an influential leader in American nursing education; she wrote one of the
first nursing textbooks as well as being the first editor of the American Journal of Nursing.
Mary Breckinridge created the Frontier Nursing Service. Martha Franklin advocated for
racial equality in nursing. Amelia Greenwald was a catalyst for international public health
nursing.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
11. While documenting in a client’s record, the nurse remembers that the nurse leader who
introduced the practice of keeping nurses’ notes was:
a. Mamie Hale. c. Harriet Neuton Phillips.
b. Mary Mahoney. d. Linda Richards.
ANS: D
Linda Richards introduced the practice of keeping nurses’ notes and physicians’ orders as
part of medical records. Mamie Hale upgraded the educational programs for midwives.
Mary Mahoney was America’s first African American professional nurse. Harriet Neuton
Phillips was the first American nurse to receive a training certificate.
PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Nursing Pioneers and Leaders
12. While reviewing a client’s health insurance plan, the nurse remembers that the first
prepaid medical plan was started in:
a. Pacific Northwest lumber and mining camps.
b. Chicago.
c. New York City.
d. Washington
DC. ANS: A
