BIOS 357 LATEST EXAM 3 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. What are the primary functions of the nervous system? - Answer>>-Sensory
input, integration, and motor output
2. What are the two major structural divisions of the nervous system and what
does each contain? - Answer>>-CNS - brain and spinal cord
PNS - 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
3. What part of the nervous system carries information towards the central
nervous system? - Answer>>-Sensory (afferent)
4. What parts of the nervous system sends "commands" to effector targets? -
Answer>>-Motor (efferent)
5. Define and where would you find:
sensory afferent neuron
motor efferent neuron
interneuron - Answer>>-1. Senses stimuli and sends impulses to
interneurons. Found in afferent nervous system.
2. Carries signals away from CNS. Found in efferent nervous system.
Connect afferent and efferent neurons. Found in CNS.
6. What type of structures are served by somatic nerves? - Answer>>-Skin,
skeletal muscle, joints
7. What type of structures are served by autonomic nerves? - Answer>>-
Smooth and cardiac muscles, glands
8. What is myelin and what are its functions? - Answer>>-White, fatty material
covering axons. Insulates and speeds up action potentials.
9. What is multiple sclerosis? - Answer>>-The immune system eats away at
the myelin sheaths
10.What PNS neuroglial cell produces myelin? - Answer>>-Schwann
, 11.What CNS neuroglial cell produces myelin? - Answer>>-Oligodendrocyte
12.Can neurons regenerate/heal? - Answer>>-Nerves in PNS can regenerate,
but nerves in the CNS cannot
13.What is a node of Ranvier? - Answer>>-Gaps in myelin sheath along axon
14.What structures are concentrated in the node area? - Answer>>-Na+ gated
channels/voltage gated channels
15.Compare and contrast: continuous and salutatory conduction - Answer>>-In
salutatory conduction, the nerve impulse will jump between the nodes of
Ranvier. It's faster than continuous conduction, where the nerve impulse
travels down the whole unmyelinated neuron.
Describe the following types of neurons:
unipolar
bipolar
16.multipolar - Answer>>-1. 2 branches function as a single axon
. 1 dendrite and 1 axon
many dendrites and 1 axon
17.Where would each type of neuron be found? - Answer>>-1. Sensory
2. Special senses
3. Motor
18.Name and describe the four types of neuroglial cells in the CNS. What does
each do? - Answer>>-Astrocyte: wall off injuries
Ependymal: secrete CSF
Microglial: scavenge and phagocytize invading cells
Oligodendrocytes: form myelin sheaths around axons
19.Name and describe the two types of neuroglial cells in the PNS. What does
each do? - Answer>>-Satellite: surround cell bodies
Schwann: produce myelin
20.Compare and contrast grey and white matter - what is it and where is each
located? - Answer>>-Gray matter: deep, starts reflex. Cell body CNS, nuclei
PNS ganglia
White matter: fissures, axons/myelinated
VERIFIED ANSWERS
1. What are the primary functions of the nervous system? - Answer>>-Sensory
input, integration, and motor output
2. What are the two major structural divisions of the nervous system and what
does each contain? - Answer>>-CNS - brain and spinal cord
PNS - 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves
3. What part of the nervous system carries information towards the central
nervous system? - Answer>>-Sensory (afferent)
4. What parts of the nervous system sends "commands" to effector targets? -
Answer>>-Motor (efferent)
5. Define and where would you find:
sensory afferent neuron
motor efferent neuron
interneuron - Answer>>-1. Senses stimuli and sends impulses to
interneurons. Found in afferent nervous system.
2. Carries signals away from CNS. Found in efferent nervous system.
Connect afferent and efferent neurons. Found in CNS.
6. What type of structures are served by somatic nerves? - Answer>>-Skin,
skeletal muscle, joints
7. What type of structures are served by autonomic nerves? - Answer>>-
Smooth and cardiac muscles, glands
8. What is myelin and what are its functions? - Answer>>-White, fatty material
covering axons. Insulates and speeds up action potentials.
9. What is multiple sclerosis? - Answer>>-The immune system eats away at
the myelin sheaths
10.What PNS neuroglial cell produces myelin? - Answer>>-Schwann
, 11.What CNS neuroglial cell produces myelin? - Answer>>-Oligodendrocyte
12.Can neurons regenerate/heal? - Answer>>-Nerves in PNS can regenerate,
but nerves in the CNS cannot
13.What is a node of Ranvier? - Answer>>-Gaps in myelin sheath along axon
14.What structures are concentrated in the node area? - Answer>>-Na+ gated
channels/voltage gated channels
15.Compare and contrast: continuous and salutatory conduction - Answer>>-In
salutatory conduction, the nerve impulse will jump between the nodes of
Ranvier. It's faster than continuous conduction, where the nerve impulse
travels down the whole unmyelinated neuron.
Describe the following types of neurons:
unipolar
bipolar
16.multipolar - Answer>>-1. 2 branches function as a single axon
. 1 dendrite and 1 axon
many dendrites and 1 axon
17.Where would each type of neuron be found? - Answer>>-1. Sensory
2. Special senses
3. Motor
18.Name and describe the four types of neuroglial cells in the CNS. What does
each do? - Answer>>-Astrocyte: wall off injuries
Ependymal: secrete CSF
Microglial: scavenge and phagocytize invading cells
Oligodendrocytes: form myelin sheaths around axons
19.Name and describe the two types of neuroglial cells in the PNS. What does
each do? - Answer>>-Satellite: surround cell bodies
Schwann: produce myelin
20.Compare and contrast grey and white matter - what is it and where is each
located? - Answer>>-Gray matter: deep, starts reflex. Cell body CNS, nuclei
PNS ganglia
White matter: fissures, axons/myelinated
