EPIC CLINICAL INFORMATICS EXAM SCRIPT
2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
FULLY VERIFIED
• How did Hersh (2009) define Biomedical and Health Informatics
(BMHI)? Answer; The optimal use of information, often aided by
technology, to improve individual health, healthcare, public health, and
biomedical research.
• According to Bernstam (2010), what is informatics? Answer; "The
science of information applied to biomedicine—data plus meaning."
• What is Friedman's "Fundamental Theorem" (2009)? Answer; Humans
working with computers are better than either humans or computers
working alone.
• What did Friedman (2012) emphasize about what informatics *is* and
*isn't*? Answer; Is: Cross-training, model building, sociotechnical,
system implementation. Isn't: Just 'using computers,' data analysis
alone, or IT deployment.
• Who coined the term "informatics" and when? Answer; Dreyfus in
1962.
,• When was "medical informatics" first used? Answer; 1974
• Name two early EHR systems and their institutions. Answer; COSTAR
- Massachusetts General Hospital; HELP - University of Utah.
• What was MYCIN? Answer; A 1970s rule-based expert system for
infectious disease diagnosis and therapy.
• What are examples of subspecialties in informatics? Answer; Clinical,
Nursing, Dental, Public Health, Imaging, and Research Informatics.
• What are the three main career categories in informatics (Hersh,
2006)? Answer; Academic, Professional, and Liaison roles.
• What are key leadership positions in informatics? Answer; CIO,
CMIO, CNIO, CCIO (Chief Clinical Informatics Officer).
• What are common CMIO priorities and challenges? Answer; Priorities
- EHR optimization, analytics, population health. Challenges -
Competing priorities, culture, limited resources.
• What is the average CMIO salary reported in surveys? Answer;
Approximately $353,000.
,• What is AMIA's mission? Answer; To advance informatics in
healthcare, research, public health, and education to improve human
health.
• Name three key professional informatics organizations. Answer;
AMIA, HIMSS, AMDIS.
• Which organization focuses on nursing informatics? Answer; Alliance
for Nursing Informatics (ANI).
• Which organization leads in imaging informatics? Answer; Society for
Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM).
• Which countries are considered early leaders in national informatics
efforts? Answer; Denmark and the United Kingdom.
• What U.S. policy helped accelerate EHR adoption? Answer; The
HITECH Act (2009).
• What does Bayes' Theorem describe in informatics? Answer; The
probability of a diagnosis given new evidence; foundational for decision
support.
, • What is Moore's Law? Answer; Computing power doubles
approximately every two years.
• What is Metcalfe's Law? Answer; The value of a network is
proportional to the square of its users (n² or n(n−1)/2).
• What does the "Greek Oracle problem" refer to? Answer; Overreliance
on computer-generated decisions without human judgment.
• What was Homer Warner's observation about informatics? Answer;
Informatics is 10% medicine, 10% technology, and 80% sociology.
• What are the key diagnostic metrics used in informatics? Answer;
Recall/sensitivity, precision, specificity, and accuracy.
• Name three major informatics journals. Answer; JAMIA, Applied
Clinical Informatics, and Journal of Biomedical Informatics.
• What are two key textbooks for informatics? Answer; Health
Informatics: Practical Guide (Hoyt & Hersh, 2018); Biomedical
Informatics (Shortliffe & Cimino, 2021).
• What is the main international informatics conference? Answer;
MEDINFO.
2026 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
FULLY VERIFIED
• How did Hersh (2009) define Biomedical and Health Informatics
(BMHI)? Answer; The optimal use of information, often aided by
technology, to improve individual health, healthcare, public health, and
biomedical research.
• According to Bernstam (2010), what is informatics? Answer; "The
science of information applied to biomedicine—data plus meaning."
• What is Friedman's "Fundamental Theorem" (2009)? Answer; Humans
working with computers are better than either humans or computers
working alone.
• What did Friedman (2012) emphasize about what informatics *is* and
*isn't*? Answer; Is: Cross-training, model building, sociotechnical,
system implementation. Isn't: Just 'using computers,' data analysis
alone, or IT deployment.
• Who coined the term "informatics" and when? Answer; Dreyfus in
1962.
,• When was "medical informatics" first used? Answer; 1974
• Name two early EHR systems and their institutions. Answer; COSTAR
- Massachusetts General Hospital; HELP - University of Utah.
• What was MYCIN? Answer; A 1970s rule-based expert system for
infectious disease diagnosis and therapy.
• What are examples of subspecialties in informatics? Answer; Clinical,
Nursing, Dental, Public Health, Imaging, and Research Informatics.
• What are the three main career categories in informatics (Hersh,
2006)? Answer; Academic, Professional, and Liaison roles.
• What are key leadership positions in informatics? Answer; CIO,
CMIO, CNIO, CCIO (Chief Clinical Informatics Officer).
• What are common CMIO priorities and challenges? Answer; Priorities
- EHR optimization, analytics, population health. Challenges -
Competing priorities, culture, limited resources.
• What is the average CMIO salary reported in surveys? Answer;
Approximately $353,000.
,• What is AMIA's mission? Answer; To advance informatics in
healthcare, research, public health, and education to improve human
health.
• Name three key professional informatics organizations. Answer;
AMIA, HIMSS, AMDIS.
• Which organization focuses on nursing informatics? Answer; Alliance
for Nursing Informatics (ANI).
• Which organization leads in imaging informatics? Answer; Society for
Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM).
• Which countries are considered early leaders in national informatics
efforts? Answer; Denmark and the United Kingdom.
• What U.S. policy helped accelerate EHR adoption? Answer; The
HITECH Act (2009).
• What does Bayes' Theorem describe in informatics? Answer; The
probability of a diagnosis given new evidence; foundational for decision
support.
, • What is Moore's Law? Answer; Computing power doubles
approximately every two years.
• What is Metcalfe's Law? Answer; The value of a network is
proportional to the square of its users (n² or n(n−1)/2).
• What does the "Greek Oracle problem" refer to? Answer; Overreliance
on computer-generated decisions without human judgment.
• What was Homer Warner's observation about informatics? Answer;
Informatics is 10% medicine, 10% technology, and 80% sociology.
• What are the key diagnostic metrics used in informatics? Answer;
Recall/sensitivity, precision, specificity, and accuracy.
• Name three major informatics journals. Answer; JAMIA, Applied
Clinical Informatics, and Journal of Biomedical Informatics.
• What are two key textbooks for informatics? Answer; Health
Informatics: Practical Guide (Hoyt & Hersh, 2018); Biomedical
Informatics (Shortliffe & Cimino, 2021).
• What is the main international informatics conference? Answer;
MEDINFO.
