AND 100% CORRECT WELL DETAILED
ANSWERS|LATEST
UPDATE!!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED
PASS|GRADED A+
When was the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA)? - ANSWER 4.5 GYA
What are microbiota? - ANSWER microorganism that live on or in a multicellular
organism
What is symbiosis? - ANSWER long term close interaction between two organisms of
different species
What is the difference between Transient and Resident microbiota? -
ANSWER Transient is present for only days, weeks or months while Resident
permanently colonizes host
What are the different kinds of symbiosis? - ANSWER mutualism, parasitism and
commensalism
What are commensals? - ANSWER symbiotic organisms, one of which benefits from
the relationships and the other neither gains nor loses from the relationship
What are parasites? - ANSWER An organism that benefits from slowly taking organic
material and energy from other organisms (hosts)
Can unicellular and multicellular organisms be in symbiosis? - ANSWER Yes ex. E. Coli
and people
1
,Where is E. Coli found in the human body? - ANSWER Inside the human body but
outside human cells (colon)
What are examples of intracellular symbiotes? - ANSWER Nasuia are obligate
mutualistic symbiotes of Macrosteles
How does the Nasuia help a Macrostele and vice versa? - ANSWER Nasuia synthesize 2
of 10 amino acids (H, M) for the Macrostele while the Macrostele helps with ATP synthesis
as the Nasuia has lost the genes for this process
How do macrosteles pass Nasuia to their offspring? - ANSWER In their oocytes
Why is the idea of an intracellular symbiote important to us? - ANSWER Evidence
strongly indicates that the first eukaryotic cells resulted from a permanent association of an
archaeal cell and its intracellular bacterial symbiotes
What is an ancestor of chloroplast? - ANSWER free-living cyanobacterium which
became an intracellular symbiote inside a eukaryotic cell
(2-3 billion years ago)
What is an ancestor of mitochondria? - ANSWER free living bacterium which became
an intracellular symbiote inside an archaeal cell
(3.8 billion years ago)
What should we always think about when given the name of a group? - ANSWER The
most accurate names contain a monophyletic group.
What is a monophyletic group? - ANSWER one ancestral population and ALL of its
descendants
2
, What groups are monophyletic? - ANSWER Tetrapods and Vertebrates
What group is polyphlyletic? - ANSWER Fish and Protists
What groups are not Protists? - ANSWER Metazoa, Fungi and Archaeplastida (plants)
What period is the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA)? - ANSWER 1,866-1789
MYA
What does Alveolata include? - ANSWER Plasmodium
What is malaria? - ANSWER In 1740 AD, "unwholesome air, air contaminated with the
poison producing intermittent and remittent fever."
What are symptoms of malaria? - ANSWER fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting,
muscle pain and fatigue
Is malaria fatal? - ANSWER 210 million are infected and 440 thousand die from it each
year
What year is Malaria officially eradicated from the US? - ANSWER 1951
When did we know malaria wasn't just bad air? - ANSWER 1881 - plasmodium spp
When did we identify the vector for Plasmodium? - ANSWER 1897
3
ANSWERS|LATEST
UPDATE!!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED
PASS|GRADED A+
When was the Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA)? - ANSWER 4.5 GYA
What are microbiota? - ANSWER microorganism that live on or in a multicellular
organism
What is symbiosis? - ANSWER long term close interaction between two organisms of
different species
What is the difference between Transient and Resident microbiota? -
ANSWER Transient is present for only days, weeks or months while Resident
permanently colonizes host
What are the different kinds of symbiosis? - ANSWER mutualism, parasitism and
commensalism
What are commensals? - ANSWER symbiotic organisms, one of which benefits from
the relationships and the other neither gains nor loses from the relationship
What are parasites? - ANSWER An organism that benefits from slowly taking organic
material and energy from other organisms (hosts)
Can unicellular and multicellular organisms be in symbiosis? - ANSWER Yes ex. E. Coli
and people
1
,Where is E. Coli found in the human body? - ANSWER Inside the human body but
outside human cells (colon)
What are examples of intracellular symbiotes? - ANSWER Nasuia are obligate
mutualistic symbiotes of Macrosteles
How does the Nasuia help a Macrostele and vice versa? - ANSWER Nasuia synthesize 2
of 10 amino acids (H, M) for the Macrostele while the Macrostele helps with ATP synthesis
as the Nasuia has lost the genes for this process
How do macrosteles pass Nasuia to their offspring? - ANSWER In their oocytes
Why is the idea of an intracellular symbiote important to us? - ANSWER Evidence
strongly indicates that the first eukaryotic cells resulted from a permanent association of an
archaeal cell and its intracellular bacterial symbiotes
What is an ancestor of chloroplast? - ANSWER free-living cyanobacterium which
became an intracellular symbiote inside a eukaryotic cell
(2-3 billion years ago)
What is an ancestor of mitochondria? - ANSWER free living bacterium which became
an intracellular symbiote inside an archaeal cell
(3.8 billion years ago)
What should we always think about when given the name of a group? - ANSWER The
most accurate names contain a monophyletic group.
What is a monophyletic group? - ANSWER one ancestral population and ALL of its
descendants
2
, What groups are monophyletic? - ANSWER Tetrapods and Vertebrates
What group is polyphlyletic? - ANSWER Fish and Protists
What groups are not Protists? - ANSWER Metazoa, Fungi and Archaeplastida (plants)
What period is the Last Eukaryotic Common Ancestor (LECA)? - ANSWER 1,866-1789
MYA
What does Alveolata include? - ANSWER Plasmodium
What is malaria? - ANSWER In 1740 AD, "unwholesome air, air contaminated with the
poison producing intermittent and remittent fever."
What are symptoms of malaria? - ANSWER fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting,
muscle pain and fatigue
Is malaria fatal? - ANSWER 210 million are infected and 440 thousand die from it each
year
What year is Malaria officially eradicated from the US? - ANSWER 1951
When did we know malaria wasn't just bad air? - ANSWER 1881 - plasmodium spp
When did we identify the vector for Plasmodium? - ANSWER 1897
3
