Nur 265 – GI UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Stomach - CORRECT ANSWER - • 3 Parts: the fundus, body and atrium
• Major function is to act as a reservoir for food.
• the cardiac sphincter is located near the esophagus and the pyloric sphincter is located near the
duodenum
Gastric Secretions - CORRECT ANSWER - Occur in three distinct phases
• Cephalic - initiated by the sign, smell and taste of food acting on the cerebral cortical receptors
that stimulate the vagus nerve
• Gastric - gastrin enters the bloodstream from he antrum and stimulates the production of gastric
juices
• Intestinal - when hydrochloric acid enters the duodenum, the hormone secretin is secreted.
Secretin inhibits the gastric phase
(Diagnostic Test) Upper GI With Small Bowel - CORRECT ANSWER - Consist of x-ray
films of the lower esophagus, stomach and duodenum usually using barium sulfate as contrast
medium.
• Purpose: to detect ulcerations, tumors, inflammation or anatomic malposition of upper GI
organs
• Patient drinks barium beverage, will be asked to change positions several times during
procedure
(Diagnostic Test) Upper GI With Small Bowel - CORRECT ANSWER - Pre-Procedure
• NPO after midnight the day before
• For an air contrast upper GI, patient will rapidly swallow carbonated powder. This creates CO2
providing air contrast to barium and increased visualization of gastric mucosa
Post-Procedure
• Milk of Magnesia, if barium was given. Barium can hardened and cause fecal impaction
,• Stools will be barium colored (gray/white) 1-2 days afterwards
(Diagnostic Test) Colonoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER - Allows for direct visualization
of the rectum, colon, and small bowel. Used to diagnose pathologic conditions of these organs.
The entire cecum to anus can be visualized
• Used for patients at high risk for colon cancer, hemoccult-possitive stools, lower GI bleeding,
or changes in bowel habits.
• Polyps may be removed during the test. A biopsy or endoscopic surgery may follow
• Patient is in lateral recumbent (lying on side) position
• Complications - bowel perforation, bleeding, respiratory sedation (oversedation from meds)
(Diagnostic Test) Colonoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER - Pre-Procedure
• Bowel prep:
- 2 day prep - clear liquids for 2 days along with a strong cathartic (Mag Citrate). An enema is
given the day of exam
- 1 day prep (more common) - patient ingests a gallon of Colyte, enema is not usually needed.
Gallon should be consumed in 4 hours
• Patients need to drink large amounts of water to prevent dehydration
• Bowel prep decreased for elderly and pediatric patients
• IV - Versed & Demerol for sedation. Atrophine to decrease secretions
(Diagnostic Test) Flexible Sigmoidscopy - CORRECT ANSWER - Allows visualization
of the anus, rectum and sigmoid colon to 60 cm.
• Can be performed in a physicians office.
• Less bowel prep is needed.
• Sometimes it is combined with a barium enema for more accuracy
• Usually doesn't require and sedation
(Diagnostic Test) Esophagastroduodenoscopy (EGD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Allows
visualization and biopsy of the esophagus, stomach and duodemun with a fiberoptic endoscope.
, • Active bleeding can be treated by injecting sclerosing agents into the bleeding area
• Laser beams can pass through endoscope to perform surgery (obliteration of tumors/polyps)
• Strictures can be dilated, PEG tubes and biliary stents can be placed
(Diagnostic Test) Esophagastroduodenoscopy (EGD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Pre-
Procedure
• NPO after midnight the night before
• Throat is anesthetized with Xylocaine or other anesthetic spray
• Patient is usually sedated
• Air is injected to distend the upper GI
Post-Procedure
• Check for gag reflex before giving food or fluids. Usually takes 2 hrs to return.
• Complications - bleeding, perforation, oversedation
(Diagnostic Studies) Barium Enema - CORRECT ANSWER - Series of x-ray films used
to visualize the colon and small intestine
• Purpose: locate tumors, polyps and diverticuli
• Bowel prep before test typically includes diet restriction, hydration, oral cathartic, and
cleansing enemas
(Diagnostic Studies) Barium Enema - CORRECT ANSWER - Pre-Procedure
• Clear liquids, no dairy for lunch and supper.
• Drink 1 glass of water each hour for 8-10 hours
• Early afternoon, one full bottle of Magnesium Citrate
• Evening: 3 Ducolax
• NPO after midnight
Day of Exam
• Ducolax suppository, cleansing enema or both. Prep may be reduced for elderly or pediatric
patients
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Stomach - CORRECT ANSWER - • 3 Parts: the fundus, body and atrium
• Major function is to act as a reservoir for food.
• the cardiac sphincter is located near the esophagus and the pyloric sphincter is located near the
duodenum
Gastric Secretions - CORRECT ANSWER - Occur in three distinct phases
• Cephalic - initiated by the sign, smell and taste of food acting on the cerebral cortical receptors
that stimulate the vagus nerve
• Gastric - gastrin enters the bloodstream from he antrum and stimulates the production of gastric
juices
• Intestinal - when hydrochloric acid enters the duodenum, the hormone secretin is secreted.
Secretin inhibits the gastric phase
(Diagnostic Test) Upper GI With Small Bowel - CORRECT ANSWER - Consist of x-ray
films of the lower esophagus, stomach and duodenum usually using barium sulfate as contrast
medium.
• Purpose: to detect ulcerations, tumors, inflammation or anatomic malposition of upper GI
organs
• Patient drinks barium beverage, will be asked to change positions several times during
procedure
(Diagnostic Test) Upper GI With Small Bowel - CORRECT ANSWER - Pre-Procedure
• NPO after midnight the day before
• For an air contrast upper GI, patient will rapidly swallow carbonated powder. This creates CO2
providing air contrast to barium and increased visualization of gastric mucosa
Post-Procedure
• Milk of Magnesia, if barium was given. Barium can hardened and cause fecal impaction
,• Stools will be barium colored (gray/white) 1-2 days afterwards
(Diagnostic Test) Colonoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER - Allows for direct visualization
of the rectum, colon, and small bowel. Used to diagnose pathologic conditions of these organs.
The entire cecum to anus can be visualized
• Used for patients at high risk for colon cancer, hemoccult-possitive stools, lower GI bleeding,
or changes in bowel habits.
• Polyps may be removed during the test. A biopsy or endoscopic surgery may follow
• Patient is in lateral recumbent (lying on side) position
• Complications - bowel perforation, bleeding, respiratory sedation (oversedation from meds)
(Diagnostic Test) Colonoscopy - CORRECT ANSWER - Pre-Procedure
• Bowel prep:
- 2 day prep - clear liquids for 2 days along with a strong cathartic (Mag Citrate). An enema is
given the day of exam
- 1 day prep (more common) - patient ingests a gallon of Colyte, enema is not usually needed.
Gallon should be consumed in 4 hours
• Patients need to drink large amounts of water to prevent dehydration
• Bowel prep decreased for elderly and pediatric patients
• IV - Versed & Demerol for sedation. Atrophine to decrease secretions
(Diagnostic Test) Flexible Sigmoidscopy - CORRECT ANSWER - Allows visualization
of the anus, rectum and sigmoid colon to 60 cm.
• Can be performed in a physicians office.
• Less bowel prep is needed.
• Sometimes it is combined with a barium enema for more accuracy
• Usually doesn't require and sedation
(Diagnostic Test) Esophagastroduodenoscopy (EGD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Allows
visualization and biopsy of the esophagus, stomach and duodemun with a fiberoptic endoscope.
, • Active bleeding can be treated by injecting sclerosing agents into the bleeding area
• Laser beams can pass through endoscope to perform surgery (obliteration of tumors/polyps)
• Strictures can be dilated, PEG tubes and biliary stents can be placed
(Diagnostic Test) Esophagastroduodenoscopy (EGD) - CORRECT ANSWER - Pre-
Procedure
• NPO after midnight the night before
• Throat is anesthetized with Xylocaine or other anesthetic spray
• Patient is usually sedated
• Air is injected to distend the upper GI
Post-Procedure
• Check for gag reflex before giving food or fluids. Usually takes 2 hrs to return.
• Complications - bleeding, perforation, oversedation
(Diagnostic Studies) Barium Enema - CORRECT ANSWER - Series of x-ray films used
to visualize the colon and small intestine
• Purpose: locate tumors, polyps and diverticuli
• Bowel prep before test typically includes diet restriction, hydration, oral cathartic, and
cleansing enemas
(Diagnostic Studies) Barium Enema - CORRECT ANSWER - Pre-Procedure
• Clear liquids, no dairy for lunch and supper.
• Drink 1 glass of water each hour for 8-10 hours
• Early afternoon, one full bottle of Magnesium Citrate
• Evening: 3 Ducolax
• NPO after midnight
Day of Exam
• Ducolax suppository, cleansing enema or both. Prep may be reduced for elderly or pediatric
patients
