PSYCH 3130 MIDTERM - PSYCHOLOGY OF THINKING UWO
Exam Questions AND Correct Answers
13 design features of language by hockey 1960 -
✔✔vocal/auditory channel
broadcast transmission/directional reception
rapid fading, transitorines
interchangabiltiy
total feedback
specializeation
semanticity
arbitrariness
discreteness
displacement
productivity
traditional transmission
duality of patterning
2 core assumptions of classical view - ✔✔1. necessary and
sufficient features are qualifiers for category membership
2. categorization is absolute and all members are of equal
standing
,2 opposing accounts of probabilistic theory - ✔✔1. prototype
theory
2. exemplar theory
2 possibilities why people categorize things - ✔✔1. humans
form categories and concepts that reflect natural structure of
world
2. humans form concepts to help achieve goals
2 reasons people catgories - ✔✔1. stimulus generalization:
people categorize in part bc of natural tendency to categorize
2. efficiency: a concept is a reduction in amount of info to be
retained about a whole group of thingsz
-behavioural equivalence class
-cognitive efficiency
3. concepts are natural: world of objects and things are
somewhat self categorizing
3 core assumptions of geometric model of similarity - ✔✔1.
minimality
2. symmetry
,3. triangle inequality
7 sins of memory - ✔✔transience, absentmindedness,
blocking, memory misattribution, suggestibility, bias,
persistence
-memory is NOT designed to remember specific facts and
details
-we need our memory to be flexible and stretch the truth -
that's learning
absent mindedness - ✔✔a form of forgetfulness that results
from inattention
-everyday memory failures in remembering info
acetaminophen - ✔✔medicine. vs poison
its classified as medicine bt with that comes assumption that
it is safer than it is
categories allow people to make quick and accurate
judgements but occasionally come with cost of
misclassification
, alignment models - ✔✔specific how and why features should
count
analogy - ✔✔- language an be used via analogy and metaphor
to guide understanding
- good analogy relates concepts that may have a similar deep
structure even though they may be different on the surface
- listener of analogy has to attend to deep structure to realize
the similarities
- i.e. "an atom is like a solar system"
anchor standard - ✔✔100 is seen as this
things are similar to it not the other way around
anchoring - ✔✔known info influences new information and
hinking
ie is percent of African nations in the UN higher or lower than
10%? higher or lower than 70%?
-response is anchored
arbitrariness - ✔✔signal need not refer to a physical
characteristic of the redf
Exam Questions AND Correct Answers
13 design features of language by hockey 1960 -
✔✔vocal/auditory channel
broadcast transmission/directional reception
rapid fading, transitorines
interchangabiltiy
total feedback
specializeation
semanticity
arbitrariness
discreteness
displacement
productivity
traditional transmission
duality of patterning
2 core assumptions of classical view - ✔✔1. necessary and
sufficient features are qualifiers for category membership
2. categorization is absolute and all members are of equal
standing
,2 opposing accounts of probabilistic theory - ✔✔1. prototype
theory
2. exemplar theory
2 possibilities why people categorize things - ✔✔1. humans
form categories and concepts that reflect natural structure of
world
2. humans form concepts to help achieve goals
2 reasons people catgories - ✔✔1. stimulus generalization:
people categorize in part bc of natural tendency to categorize
2. efficiency: a concept is a reduction in amount of info to be
retained about a whole group of thingsz
-behavioural equivalence class
-cognitive efficiency
3. concepts are natural: world of objects and things are
somewhat self categorizing
3 core assumptions of geometric model of similarity - ✔✔1.
minimality
2. symmetry
,3. triangle inequality
7 sins of memory - ✔✔transience, absentmindedness,
blocking, memory misattribution, suggestibility, bias,
persistence
-memory is NOT designed to remember specific facts and
details
-we need our memory to be flexible and stretch the truth -
that's learning
absent mindedness - ✔✔a form of forgetfulness that results
from inattention
-everyday memory failures in remembering info
acetaminophen - ✔✔medicine. vs poison
its classified as medicine bt with that comes assumption that
it is safer than it is
categories allow people to make quick and accurate
judgements but occasionally come with cost of
misclassification
, alignment models - ✔✔specific how and why features should
count
analogy - ✔✔- language an be used via analogy and metaphor
to guide understanding
- good analogy relates concepts that may have a similar deep
structure even though they may be different on the surface
- listener of analogy has to attend to deep structure to realize
the similarities
- i.e. "an atom is like a solar system"
anchor standard - ✔✔100 is seen as this
things are similar to it not the other way around
anchoring - ✔✔known info influences new information and
hinking
ie is percent of African nations in the UN higher or lower than
10%? higher or lower than 70%?
-response is anchored
arbitrariness - ✔✔signal need not refer to a physical
characteristic of the redf
