CAMPBELL BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1-5 EXAM Q’S AND A’S

CAMPBELL BIOLOGY CHAPTER 1-5 EXAM Q’S AND A’S evolution - answer- the process of change that has transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity of organisms living today biology - answer- the scientific study of life emergent properties - answer- novel properties that emerge that were not present beforehand. These properties are due to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases system - answer- a combination of components that function together systems biology - answer- an approach that attempts to model the dynamic behavior of whole biological systems based on a study of the interactions among the system's parts biosphere - answer- consists of all life on Earth and all the places where life exist ecosystems - answer- consists of all the living things in a particular area, along with all the nonliving components of the environment with which life interacts communities - answer- the entire array of organisms inhabiting a particular ecosystem population - answer- consists of all the individuals of a species living within the bounds of a specified area organisms - answer- individual living things organs - answer- body parts that carry out particular functions in a body organ systems - answer- a team of organs that cooperate in a larger function tissues - answer- a group of cells that work together, performing a specialized function cells - answer- life's fundamental unit of structure and function organelles - answer- the various functional components present in cells molecules - answer- a chemical structure consisting of two or more small chemical units called atoms eukaryotic cell - answer- subdivided by internal membranes into various membrane-enclosed organelles. The largest organelle is the nucleus which contains the cell's DNA prokaryotic cell - answer- DNA is not separated from the rest of the cell by enclosure in a membrane-bounded nucleus deoxyribonucleic acid - answer- DNA genes - answer- the units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring gene expression - answer- the entire process by which the information in a gene directs the production of a cellular product genome - answer- the entire "library" of genetic instructions that an organism inherits genomics - answer- studying whole sets of genes of a species as well as comparing genomes between species bioinformatics - answer- the use of computational tools to store, organize, and analyze the huge volume of data that result from high-throughput methods negative feedback - answer- the most common form of regulation of living systems in which accumulation of an end product of a process slows that process positive feedback - answer- an end product speeds up its own production natural selection - answer- the natural environment "selects" for the propagation of certain traits among naturally occurring variant traits in the population science - answer- the use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process Observation, Generalization/Model, Predictive Statements/Hypotheses, Tests, Repeat - answer- What is the scientific method in order? inquiry - answer- a search for information an explanation, often focusing on specific questions data - answer- recorded observations inductive reasoning - answer- a type of logic that is brought about by collecting and analyzing observations hypothesis - answer- a tentative answer to a well-framed question deductive reasoning - answer- generally used after the hypothesis