CAMPBELL-BIOLOGY CHAPTER 4 EXAM Q’S AND A’S

CAMPBELL-BIOLOGY CHAPTER 4 EXAM Q’S AND A’S Organic Chemistry - answer- the study of carbon compounds carbon - answer- form diverse molecules by bonding to four other atoms electron configuration - answer- key to an atoms chemical characteristics hydrocarbons - answer- organic molecules consisting of only hydrogen and carbon major component of petroleum undergo reactions that release a relatively large amount of energy isomers - answer- compounds that have the same element but different structures hence different properties structural isomers - answer- differ covalent arrangements of their atoms single bonds - answer- allow the atom they join to rotate freely about the bond axis without changing the compound double bonds - answer- do not permit the atom to rotate cis isomer - answer- arrangement with both x's on the same side of the double bond "same or close" trans isomer - answer- arrangement with the x's on opposite sides of the double bond "different" Enantiomers - answer- isomers that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of asymmetric carbon asymmetric carbon - answer- is attached to four different atoms or group of atoms functional groups - answer- chemical groups involved directly in chemical reactions hydroxyl group - answer- -OH names end in -ol typically polar due to electronegative oxygen. Forms hydrogen bonds with water, helps dissolve compounds such as sugars carbonyl group - answer- sugars with ketone groups are ketoses, those with aldehydes are called aldoses ketoses - answer- within