ATR 257 Exam 3 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Motions of Shoulder - CORRECT ANSWER FL & EXT, ABD & ADD, IR & ER,
horizontal ABD & horizontal ADD, circumduction
Scapular Elevation - CORRECT ANSWER shoulder shrug
Scapular Depression - CORRECT ANSWER opposite of elevation
Scapular Retraction - CORRECT ANSWER pinch shoulder blades together
Scapular Protraction - CORRECT ANSWER opposite of retraction
Scapula - CORRECT ANSWER aka shoulder blade; spine, superior angle, inferior angle,
medial/vertebral border, lateral/axillary border, acromion process, & coracoid process
Clavicle - CORRECT ANSWER aka collar bone; distal/lateral end & proximal/medial
end; "S" shaped
Sternum - CORRECT ANSWER
Humerus - CORRECT ANSWER head, greater tuberosity, lesser tuberosity, bicipital
groove, shaft; GH jt. is ball & socket jt. but glenoid fossa if flat & humeral head is round,
causing increased movability but decreases stability
Thorax - CORRECT ANSWER ribs; specifically posterior aspect of ribs 2-8
,Joints - CORRECT ANSWER glenohumeral (GH), acromioclavicular (AC),
sternoclavicular (SC), & scapulothoracic (ST)
Anterior Muscles - CORRECT ANSWER FL shoulder & may FL elbow
Posterior Muscles - CORRECT ANSWER EXT shoulder & may EXT the elbow
Lateral Muscles - CORRECT ANSWER ABD shoulder
Medial Muscles - CORRECT ANSWER ADD shoulder
Deep Muscles - CORRECT ANSWER IR & ER shoulder
Deltoids - CORRECT ANSWER forms "cap" of the shoulder; 1 muscle w/ 3 parts;
originate an acromion process & insert on lateral shaft of humerus
Anterior Deltoid - CORRECT ANSWER shoulder FL
Middle Deltoid - CORRECT ANSWER shoulder ABD
Posterior Deltoid - CORRECT ANSWER shoulder EXT
Biceps brachii - CORRECT ANSWER 1 muscle w/ 2 heads (long & short); crosses
shoulder & elbow causing shoulder & elbow FL
Biceps Tendon - CORRECT ANSWER tendon of long head runs through biceptal groove
of humerus & over the humeral head to attach to the scapula, resulting in a tendon running b/w 2
bones; when shoulder in neutral RO or ER, Biceps tendon is ok during shoulder FL; when
, shoulder in IR, Biceps gets pinched under acromion process during shoulder FL above 90⁰; ER is
easier that IR when FL
Triceps brachii - CORRECT ANSWER 1 muscle w/ 3 heads; crosses shoulder & elbow to
EXT both
Rotator Cuff - CORRECT ANSWER 4 muscles; begin on scapula & end on greater or
lesser tuberosity of humerus; stabilizes GH jt. & shoulder IR & ER; small muscles made for
endurance NOT brute strength; Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, & Subscapularis
Supraspinatus - CORRECT ANSWER runs from above spine of scapula & under
acromion process to attach on top of greater tuberosity of humerus; holds humeral head in
glenoid fossa & shoulder ABD
Supraspinatus Tendon - CORRECT ANSWER position results in a muscle/tendon running
b/w 2 bones; w/ shoulder ABD above 90⁰, tendon can be pinched under acromion process, esp.
w/ shoulder IR & ER @ same time
Infraspinatus & Teres Minor - CORRECT ANSWER run from below spine of scapula to
attach on back of greater tuberosity of humerus; holds humeral head in glenoid fossa & shoulder
ER
Subscapularis - CORRECT ANSWER runs from anterior surface of scapula to attach on
front of lesser tuberosity of humerus; holds humeral head in glenoid fossa & shoulder IR
Upper Trapezius - CORRECT ANSWER 1 part of larger 3 part muscle; begins on neck
spinous processes & attaches on scapular spine; shoulder elevation & neck EXT
Pectoralis major - CORRECT ANSWER runs from sternum to upper shaft of humerus;
tendon forms the anterior border of the axilla (armpit); shoulder horizontal ADD
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Motions of Shoulder - CORRECT ANSWER FL & EXT, ABD & ADD, IR & ER,
horizontal ABD & horizontal ADD, circumduction
Scapular Elevation - CORRECT ANSWER shoulder shrug
Scapular Depression - CORRECT ANSWER opposite of elevation
Scapular Retraction - CORRECT ANSWER pinch shoulder blades together
Scapular Protraction - CORRECT ANSWER opposite of retraction
Scapula - CORRECT ANSWER aka shoulder blade; spine, superior angle, inferior angle,
medial/vertebral border, lateral/axillary border, acromion process, & coracoid process
Clavicle - CORRECT ANSWER aka collar bone; distal/lateral end & proximal/medial
end; "S" shaped
Sternum - CORRECT ANSWER
Humerus - CORRECT ANSWER head, greater tuberosity, lesser tuberosity, bicipital
groove, shaft; GH jt. is ball & socket jt. but glenoid fossa if flat & humeral head is round,
causing increased movability but decreases stability
Thorax - CORRECT ANSWER ribs; specifically posterior aspect of ribs 2-8
,Joints - CORRECT ANSWER glenohumeral (GH), acromioclavicular (AC),
sternoclavicular (SC), & scapulothoracic (ST)
Anterior Muscles - CORRECT ANSWER FL shoulder & may FL elbow
Posterior Muscles - CORRECT ANSWER EXT shoulder & may EXT the elbow
Lateral Muscles - CORRECT ANSWER ABD shoulder
Medial Muscles - CORRECT ANSWER ADD shoulder
Deep Muscles - CORRECT ANSWER IR & ER shoulder
Deltoids - CORRECT ANSWER forms "cap" of the shoulder; 1 muscle w/ 3 parts;
originate an acromion process & insert on lateral shaft of humerus
Anterior Deltoid - CORRECT ANSWER shoulder FL
Middle Deltoid - CORRECT ANSWER shoulder ABD
Posterior Deltoid - CORRECT ANSWER shoulder EXT
Biceps brachii - CORRECT ANSWER 1 muscle w/ 2 heads (long & short); crosses
shoulder & elbow causing shoulder & elbow FL
Biceps Tendon - CORRECT ANSWER tendon of long head runs through biceptal groove
of humerus & over the humeral head to attach to the scapula, resulting in a tendon running b/w 2
bones; when shoulder in neutral RO or ER, Biceps tendon is ok during shoulder FL; when
, shoulder in IR, Biceps gets pinched under acromion process during shoulder FL above 90⁰; ER is
easier that IR when FL
Triceps brachii - CORRECT ANSWER 1 muscle w/ 3 heads; crosses shoulder & elbow to
EXT both
Rotator Cuff - CORRECT ANSWER 4 muscles; begin on scapula & end on greater or
lesser tuberosity of humerus; stabilizes GH jt. & shoulder IR & ER; small muscles made for
endurance NOT brute strength; Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, & Subscapularis
Supraspinatus - CORRECT ANSWER runs from above spine of scapula & under
acromion process to attach on top of greater tuberosity of humerus; holds humeral head in
glenoid fossa & shoulder ABD
Supraspinatus Tendon - CORRECT ANSWER position results in a muscle/tendon running
b/w 2 bones; w/ shoulder ABD above 90⁰, tendon can be pinched under acromion process, esp.
w/ shoulder IR & ER @ same time
Infraspinatus & Teres Minor - CORRECT ANSWER run from below spine of scapula to
attach on back of greater tuberosity of humerus; holds humeral head in glenoid fossa & shoulder
ER
Subscapularis - CORRECT ANSWER runs from anterior surface of scapula to attach on
front of lesser tuberosity of humerus; holds humeral head in glenoid fossa & shoulder IR
Upper Trapezius - CORRECT ANSWER 1 part of larger 3 part muscle; begins on neck
spinous processes & attaches on scapular spine; shoulder elevation & neck EXT
Pectoralis major - CORRECT ANSWER runs from sternum to upper shaft of humerus;
tendon forms the anterior border of the axilla (armpit); shoulder horizontal ADD
