Final Exam 1110 with correct
answers 2025/2026
Monosomy - correct answersChromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one
chromosome from the normal diploid number
Trisomy - correct answersa condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the
cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities.
Euploid - correct answersan individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their
species
autosomal dominant - correct answersinheritance pattern of a dominant allele on an autosome
autosomal recessive - correct answerstwo copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order
for the disease or trait to develop
X-linked recessive - correct answersPattern of genetic transmission affects only M and has no M-
to-M transmission, and mother is usually an unaffected carrier
single gene disorders - correct answersGenetic disorders caused by a single recessive gene or
mutation
Multifactorial genetic disorder - correct answersa combination of genetic and environmental
factors
,Epigenetics - correct answersThe study of chemical modification of specific genes or gene
associated proteins of an organism
Chromosome disorders - correct answersProblems can occur if the incorrect
number of chromosomes is
inherited
Mistakes in the process of meiosis
can result in a new organism with
more or fewer chromosomes than
normal
Homozygous - correct answersHaving two identical alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous - correct answershaving two different alleles for a trait
Phenotype - correct answersthe set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from
the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Genotype - correct answersAn organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
Know the importance of the family history in genetics - correct answersgenetic factors are
thought to make a 9 to 10 leading causes of death. 4000 diseases are thought to be related to
altered genes
Know disease management provided for cystic fibrosis: Pancreas - correct answerspancreatic
insufficiency: pancreatic enzyme replacement of lipase, protease, and amylase administered
before meals and snacks. adequate intake of fat calories, protein, and vitamins is important.
, A<D<E<K must be supplemented. Caloric supplements, added dietary salt for increased heat,
fever, or physical activity. hyperglycemia may require insulin treatment.
Know disease management provided for cystic fibrosis: Respiratory - correct answersRelief of
airway obstruction and controlling infection. drainage of bronchial mucus by aerosol and
nebulization treatment. agents that degrade the DNA in CF sputum, inhaled hypertonic saline +
bronchodilators, Airway clearance techniques (CPT & high freq chest wall oscillation);
prevention of lung infection- long term use of antibiotics- O2 for corpulmonale or hypoxia;
aerobic exercises
Know disease management provided for cystic fibrosis: Gastrointestinal - correct answersTreat
for Bowel obstructions- gastric decompression & MiraLax to hydrate bowel contents. water
soluble contrast enemas & monitoring of bowel habits and patterns
Know disease management provided for cystic fibrosis: Reproductive - correct answersDelayed
or irregular menstruation, secondary sex characteristics; genetic counseling for those wanting
children
Know disease management provided for cystic fibrosis: Nutrition - correct answersadequate
intake of fat calories, protein, and vitamins is important. A<D<E<K must be supplemented.
Caloric supplements, added dietary salt for increased heat, fever, or physical activity.
hyperglycemia may require insulin treatment.
Be familiar with the differences between mental health and mental illness - correct
answersMental health is the state of well-being in which each individual is able to realize their
own potential, cope with normal stresses of life, work productively, and make a contribution to
the community (Halter, 2018). Mental illness refers to all psychiatric disorders that have a
definable diagnosis (Halter, 2018).
Be familiar with The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM -5) - what it is and what it is used
for - correct answersidentifies disorders based on specific criteria
answers 2025/2026
Monosomy - correct answersChromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one
chromosome from the normal diploid number
Trisomy - correct answersa condition in which an extra copy of a chromosome is present in the
cell nuclei, causing developmental abnormalities.
Euploid - correct answersan individual with the appropriate number of chromosomes for their
species
autosomal dominant - correct answersinheritance pattern of a dominant allele on an autosome
autosomal recessive - correct answerstwo copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order
for the disease or trait to develop
X-linked recessive - correct answersPattern of genetic transmission affects only M and has no M-
to-M transmission, and mother is usually an unaffected carrier
single gene disorders - correct answersGenetic disorders caused by a single recessive gene or
mutation
Multifactorial genetic disorder - correct answersa combination of genetic and environmental
factors
,Epigenetics - correct answersThe study of chemical modification of specific genes or gene
associated proteins of an organism
Chromosome disorders - correct answersProblems can occur if the incorrect
number of chromosomes is
inherited
Mistakes in the process of meiosis
can result in a new organism with
more or fewer chromosomes than
normal
Homozygous - correct answersHaving two identical alleles for a particular gene
Heterozygous - correct answershaving two different alleles for a trait
Phenotype - correct answersthe set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from
the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Genotype - correct answersAn organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
Know the importance of the family history in genetics - correct answersgenetic factors are
thought to make a 9 to 10 leading causes of death. 4000 diseases are thought to be related to
altered genes
Know disease management provided for cystic fibrosis: Pancreas - correct answerspancreatic
insufficiency: pancreatic enzyme replacement of lipase, protease, and amylase administered
before meals and snacks. adequate intake of fat calories, protein, and vitamins is important.
, A<D<E<K must be supplemented. Caloric supplements, added dietary salt for increased heat,
fever, or physical activity. hyperglycemia may require insulin treatment.
Know disease management provided for cystic fibrosis: Respiratory - correct answersRelief of
airway obstruction and controlling infection. drainage of bronchial mucus by aerosol and
nebulization treatment. agents that degrade the DNA in CF sputum, inhaled hypertonic saline +
bronchodilators, Airway clearance techniques (CPT & high freq chest wall oscillation);
prevention of lung infection- long term use of antibiotics- O2 for corpulmonale or hypoxia;
aerobic exercises
Know disease management provided for cystic fibrosis: Gastrointestinal - correct answersTreat
for Bowel obstructions- gastric decompression & MiraLax to hydrate bowel contents. water
soluble contrast enemas & monitoring of bowel habits and patterns
Know disease management provided for cystic fibrosis: Reproductive - correct answersDelayed
or irregular menstruation, secondary sex characteristics; genetic counseling for those wanting
children
Know disease management provided for cystic fibrosis: Nutrition - correct answersadequate
intake of fat calories, protein, and vitamins is important. A<D<E<K must be supplemented.
Caloric supplements, added dietary salt for increased heat, fever, or physical activity.
hyperglycemia may require insulin treatment.
Be familiar with the differences between mental health and mental illness - correct
answersMental health is the state of well-being in which each individual is able to realize their
own potential, cope with normal stresses of life, work productively, and make a contribution to
the community (Halter, 2018). Mental illness refers to all psychiatric disorders that have a
definable diagnosis (Halter, 2018).
Be familiar with The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM -5) - what it is and what it is used
for - correct answersidentifies disorders based on specific criteria
