Bio 253 Hondros Test 1 Review Part 1 questions with complete solutions

Bio 253 Hondros Test 1 Review Part 1
questions with complete solutions


Anatomy - answer-Study of structure of an organism and the relationship of its parts.
v v v v v v v v v v v v v


Types of anatomy: gross anatomy, microscopic, developmental, pathological, systemic
v v v v v v v v v




Physiology - answer-science that deals with the functions of the living organism and its
v v v v v v v v v v v v v


parts. How the body works
v v v v v




Characteristics of life - answer-Responsiveness, conductivity, Growth, Respiration,
v v v v v v v


Digestion, Absorption, Secretion, Excretion, Circulation, Reproduction
v v v v v v




Responsiveness - answer-Ability of an organism to sense, monitor and respond to
v v v v v v v v v v v


changes in both its internal and external environments
v v v v v v v v




Conductivity - answer-Capacity of living cells to transmit a wave of electrical disturbance
v v v v v v v v v v v v


from one point to another within the body
v v v v v v v v




Growth - answer-Organized increase in the size and number of cells and therefore an
v v v v v v v v v v v v v


increase in size of the individual or a particular organ or part
v v v v v v v v v v v v




Respiration - answer-Exchange of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
v v v v v v v v v


between an organism and its environment
v v v v v v




Digestion - answer-process by which complex food products are broken down into
v v v v v v v v v v v


simpler substances that can be absorbed and used by individual body cells
v v v v v v v v v v v v




Absorption - answer-movement of molecules, such as respiratory gases or digested
v v v v v v v v v v


nutrients, through a membrane and into the body fluids for transport to cells for use
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v




Secretion - answer-production and release of important substances, such as digestive
v v v v v v v v v v


juices and hormones, for diverse body functions
v v v v v v v




Excretion - answer-removal of waste products from the body
v v v v v v v v




Circulation - answer-movement of body fluids containing many substances from one
v v v v v v v v v v


body area to another in a continuous, circular route through hollow vessels
v v v v v v v v v v v v




Reproduction - answer-formation of new individual offspring
v v v v v v

, autopoiesis - answer-living organisms are self-organizing or self-maintaining and
v v v v v v v v


nonliving structures are not.
v v v v




cell theory - answer-any independent structure made up of one or more microscopic
v v v v v v v v v v v v


units called cells is a living organism
v v v v v v v




metabolism - answer-each characteristic of life is related to the sum total of all the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v


physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body
v v v v v v v v




levels of organization - answer-atom--molecule--macromolecules--organelle--cell--
v v v v


tissue--organ--organ system--organism v




atom - answer-tiny spheres of matter, every material thing in the universe, including the
v v v v v v v v v v v v v


human body is composed of atoms. Combinations of atoms form larger chemical
v v v v v v v v v v v v


groupings
v




molecules - answer-combos of atoms that form larger chemical groupings
v v v v v v v v v




macromolecules - answer-molecules in combination with other atoms form these larger v v v v v v v v v v


and more complex chemicals
v v v v




cytoplasm - answer-atoms, molecules and macromolecules in living material form this
v v v v v v v v v v


gel like material made of fluids, particles and membranes--the essential material of
v v v v v v v v v v v v


human life
v v




organelles - answer-a structure made of molecules organized in such a way that it can
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v


perform a specific function. Tiny organs that all each cell to live. Cannot survive outside
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v


the cell, but without organelles the cell could not survive.
v v v v v v v v v v




Types of organelles - answer-Mitochondria-power house of cells that provide energy
v v v v v v v v v v


needed by the cell to carry out day-to-day functioning, growth and repair.
v v v v v v v v v v v v


Golgi apparatus-set of sacs that provide "packaging" service to cells by storing material
v v v v v v v v v v v v


for future internal use or for export from the cell
v v v v v v v v v v


Endoplasmic Reticulum--network of channels within the cell that act as "highways" for
v v v v v v v v v v v


the movement of chemicals and as sites for chemical processing
v v v v v v v v v v




cellular level - answer-cells are the smallest and most numerous structural units that
v v v v v v v v v v v v


possess and exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter. Each cell is surrounded by
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v


a membrane and a single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm that includes the numerous
v v v v v v v v v v v v v


organelles required for the normal processes of living
v v v v v v v v




tissue level - answer-a group of a great many similar cells that all developed together
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v


vfrom the same part of the embryo and all perform a certain function. Tissue cells are
v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v


vsurrounded by varying amounts and kinds of nonliving intercellular substances, or the
v v v v v v v v v v v


vmatrix