BROOKS BIODIVERSITY UNIT 3 EXAM
| 110 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
EXPLANATIONS | PLANT & ANIMAL
BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE |
GUARANTEED PASS
Plants 7nArchitecture 7n- 7nPlant 7nneeds
i. 7ncollection 7n& 7nconversion 7nof 7nsolar 7nenergy 7n-> 7nleaves
ii. 7npositioning 7n& 7nsupport 7nof 7nleaves 7n-> 7nstems 7n
iii. 7nanchorage 7n& 7nabsorption 7n-> 7nroots
iv. 7ntransport 7n-> 7nvascular 7nsystem
Leaf 7nStructure 7n- 7nEpidermis, 7nMesophyll, 7nand 7nVein 7n(Vascular 7nBundle)
Epidermis 7ncontains 7nwhat? 7n- 7n- 7nCuticle
- 7nGuard 7ncells 7nwith 7nStomata
Epidermis 7n- 7noutermost 7ncell 7nlayer 7nof 7na 7nplant 7nbody
cutin: 7n(wax) 7nexcreted 7nby 7nepidermis
Cuticle 7n- 7nWaxy 7nwaterproof 7ncovering 7nof 7na 7nplant.
Produced 7nby 7nthe 7nepidermis 7nand 7nhas 7nwax 7nto 7nresist 7ndesiccation.
Guard 7nCells 7n- 7nResponsible 7nfor 7nopening 7nand 7nclosing 7nstomata.
Works 7ntogether 7nwith 7nstomata 7nto 7nregulate 7ngas 7nexchange.
Prevents 7nmovement 7nof 7nwater 7nACROSS 7nsurface
Stomata 7n- 7nSmall 7nopenings 7non 7nthe 7nunderside 7nof 7na 7nleaf 7nthrough 7nwhich
7noxygen 7nand 7ncarbon 7ndioxide 7ncan 7nmove.
Mostly 7non 7nlower 7nsurfaces, 7nsometimes 7non 7nupper 7nsurfaces. 7nFound 7non
7nboth 7nsurfaces. 7n
Allows 7nfor 7ngas 7nexchange.
2 7naspects 7nof 7nPhotosynthesis 7n- 7nlight 7ndependent 7nreactions
light 7nindependent 7nreactions
Mesophyll 7ncontains 7nwhat? 7n- 7n- 7nParenchyma 7n
- 7nDicots 7nhave 7nPalisade 7n& 7nSpongy 7nLayers
Mesophyll 7n- 7nMiddle 7nleaf 7nstructures 7nphotosynthetic 7nlayer.
,Parenchyma 7n- 7nGround 7ntissue 7nthat 7nforms 7nthe 7nbulk 7nof 7nthe 7nmesophyll
Can 7nbe 7nmodified 7ninto 7ncollenchyma 7nand 7nsclerenchyma
Thin 7nand 7nflexible 7ncells
Most 7ncommon 7nand 7nversatile 7nground 7ntissue
Used 7nfor 7nmetabolic 7nfunctions 7nand 7nstorage 7nof 7norganic 7nproducts
Palisade 7n& 7nSpongy 7nlayers 7n- 7nPalisade 7nlayer: 7nwhere 7nlight 7ndependent
7nreactions 7noccur, 7nnear 7nthe 7nsurface. 7nTop 7npart 7nof 7nthe 7nmesophyll 7nin
7ndicot 7nplants. 7n
Spongy 7nmesophyll 7nor 7nspongy 7nparenchyma: 7nsoft 7nlower 7nlayer. 7nHas 7naccess
7nto 7nCO2 7nthrough 7nstomata. 7nKelvin 7nCycle: 7nwhere 7ncarbon 7nfixation 7noccurs,
7nconverting 7nnonorganic 7nCO2 7ninto 7nsugars.
Vein 7n(Vascular 7nbundle) 7n- 7nTransports 7nmaterials 7nthroughout 7nthe 7nleaf 7nand
7ncontains 7nthe 7nxylem 7nand 7nphloem.
Separating 7nthe 7nVB 7n= 7ndamage.
Stem 7nStructure 7n- 7nEpidermis, 7nCortex, 7nCollenchyma, 7nSclerenchyma,
7nVascular 7nTissues
Xylem 7n- 7n(Xylem 7nUp)
Distributes 7nwater 7nfrom 7nroots 7nthroughout 7n
Aimed 7ntowards 7nstem
Red
Tells 7nage 7nof 7ntree
Contains: 7ntracheids 7n& 7nvessel 7nmembers
Tracheids 7n- 7nThin, 7nhollow, 7nnarrow 7ntube, 7ndead 7ncells 7nwith 7nperforated,
7ntapered 7nends.
Vestigial 7nstructure
First 7nkind 7nof 7ntube 7nmade
Present 7nin 7nearly 7nvascular 7nplants 7nand 7npresent 7nin 7nangiosperms 7nand
7ngymnosperms 7n(slow 7nflow)
Vessel 7nMembers 7n- 7nThick, 7nhollow, 7nwide 7ntube, 7ndead 7ncells 7nwith 7nlarge
7nholes 7non 7nend.
Clearly 7nvisible
Phloem 7n- 7n(Phloem 7nDown)
Distributes 7nthe 7nproducts 7nof 7nphotosynthesis 7n(sugary 7nwater) 7nto 7nplants
7ntissues. 7n
Blue
Contains: 7nSieve 7ntube 7nmembers 7n(element) 7n& 7nCompanion 7ncells
Sieve 7nTube 7nMembers 7n- 7nhollow, 7nliving 7ncells 7nwith 7nperforated 7ncells
Companion 7nCells 7n- 7nliving 7ncells 7nthat 7nhelp 7nkeep 7nsieve 7ntube 7nmember
7ncells 7nalive. 7n
, Production 7nof 7nsugars 7nin 7nKelvin 7nCycle 7nrequire 7ntransportation 7ndone 7nby
7ncompanion 7ncells 7ninto 7nphloem
Which 7n4 7ncell 7ntypes 7nis 7nmost 7nactive 7nmetabolically 7nwhen 7nfully 7nfunctional?
7n- 7ncompanion 7ncells
Epidermis 7nin 7nTrees 7n- 7nis 7nreplaced 7nby 7nbark 7nor 7ncork. 7nProduced 7nby 7nthe
7ncork 7ncambium 7n(tissues 7nthat 7nproduce 7nother 7ntissues). 7n
Cork 7n(dead) 7n= 7nphloem 7n(alive)
Cork 7ncambium 7nproduces 7ncork. 7n
Trees 7ngrow 7nwider 7ncause 7nxylem 7nwill 7nget 7nclogged
The 7ncork 7nis 7nproduced 7nwhen? 7n- 7nSecondary 7nphloem
Composition 7nof 7nBark 7n- 7nis 7nproduced 7nfrom 7nphloem, 7ncork 7ncambium, 7nor
7ncork.
Lenticels 7n- 7ncracks 7nin 7nthe 7nbark 7nto 7nfacilitate 7ngas 7nexchange
Secondary 7nGrowth 7n- 7nHow 7na 7nplant 7nincreases 7nin 7ngirth 7n(diameter)
1. 7nVascular 7nCambium
2. 7nCork 7nCambium
3. 7nWood
4. 7nBark
5. 7nLenticels
6. 7n"Girdling 7nPlants"
Wood 7n- 7nproduced 7nby 7nxylem.
annual 7nrings
Heartwood: 7nclogged 7nxylem, 7nlittle 7nwater 7ntransport. 7nLocated 7ndeeper 7ninto
7ntrunk, 7nharder 7nwood
Sapwood: 7nnewer 7nxylem, 7nfree 7nflowing 7nwater 7ntransport. 7nPhloem 7nmakes
7nsap.
Girdling 7nPlants 7n- 7nWeed-Whakers 7n
Cutting 7na 7nHORIZONTAL 7nband 7naround 7nthe 7ncircumference 7nof 7nthe 7nplant,
7ncan 7nbe 7ndeadly 7nbecause 7nthe 7nvascular 7ncambium, 7nin 7nwhich 7nnutrients
7nand 7nwater 7ntravel 7nvertically, 7ncan 7nbe 7ndamaged.
What 7nhappens 7nto 7ninitial 7nphloem? 7n- 7nit 7ngets 7ncrushed
What 7nhappens 7nto 7nthe 7nxylem? 7n- 7nit 7ngets 7nclogged
Cortex 7n- 7nYellow 7nlayer 7ninside 7nepidermis
Separated 7nby 7na 7nring 7nof 7nvascular 7nbundles.
Ground 7nTissue 7nSystem 7n- 7nIncludes 7nvarious 7ncells 7nspecialized 7nfor 7nfunctions
7nsuch 7nas 7nstorage, 7nphotosynthesis, 7nand 7nsupport
Types 7nof 7nGround 7nTissue 7n- 7nParenchyma, 7nCollenchyma, 7nSclerenchyma
| 110 MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
EXPLANATIONS | PLANT & ANIMAL
BIOLOGY STUDY GUIDE |
GUARANTEED PASS
Plants 7nArchitecture 7n- 7nPlant 7nneeds
i. 7ncollection 7n& 7nconversion 7nof 7nsolar 7nenergy 7n-> 7nleaves
ii. 7npositioning 7n& 7nsupport 7nof 7nleaves 7n-> 7nstems 7n
iii. 7nanchorage 7n& 7nabsorption 7n-> 7nroots
iv. 7ntransport 7n-> 7nvascular 7nsystem
Leaf 7nStructure 7n- 7nEpidermis, 7nMesophyll, 7nand 7nVein 7n(Vascular 7nBundle)
Epidermis 7ncontains 7nwhat? 7n- 7n- 7nCuticle
- 7nGuard 7ncells 7nwith 7nStomata
Epidermis 7n- 7noutermost 7ncell 7nlayer 7nof 7na 7nplant 7nbody
cutin: 7n(wax) 7nexcreted 7nby 7nepidermis
Cuticle 7n- 7nWaxy 7nwaterproof 7ncovering 7nof 7na 7nplant.
Produced 7nby 7nthe 7nepidermis 7nand 7nhas 7nwax 7nto 7nresist 7ndesiccation.
Guard 7nCells 7n- 7nResponsible 7nfor 7nopening 7nand 7nclosing 7nstomata.
Works 7ntogether 7nwith 7nstomata 7nto 7nregulate 7ngas 7nexchange.
Prevents 7nmovement 7nof 7nwater 7nACROSS 7nsurface
Stomata 7n- 7nSmall 7nopenings 7non 7nthe 7nunderside 7nof 7na 7nleaf 7nthrough 7nwhich
7noxygen 7nand 7ncarbon 7ndioxide 7ncan 7nmove.
Mostly 7non 7nlower 7nsurfaces, 7nsometimes 7non 7nupper 7nsurfaces. 7nFound 7non
7nboth 7nsurfaces. 7n
Allows 7nfor 7ngas 7nexchange.
2 7naspects 7nof 7nPhotosynthesis 7n- 7nlight 7ndependent 7nreactions
light 7nindependent 7nreactions
Mesophyll 7ncontains 7nwhat? 7n- 7n- 7nParenchyma 7n
- 7nDicots 7nhave 7nPalisade 7n& 7nSpongy 7nLayers
Mesophyll 7n- 7nMiddle 7nleaf 7nstructures 7nphotosynthetic 7nlayer.
,Parenchyma 7n- 7nGround 7ntissue 7nthat 7nforms 7nthe 7nbulk 7nof 7nthe 7nmesophyll
Can 7nbe 7nmodified 7ninto 7ncollenchyma 7nand 7nsclerenchyma
Thin 7nand 7nflexible 7ncells
Most 7ncommon 7nand 7nversatile 7nground 7ntissue
Used 7nfor 7nmetabolic 7nfunctions 7nand 7nstorage 7nof 7norganic 7nproducts
Palisade 7n& 7nSpongy 7nlayers 7n- 7nPalisade 7nlayer: 7nwhere 7nlight 7ndependent
7nreactions 7noccur, 7nnear 7nthe 7nsurface. 7nTop 7npart 7nof 7nthe 7nmesophyll 7nin
7ndicot 7nplants. 7n
Spongy 7nmesophyll 7nor 7nspongy 7nparenchyma: 7nsoft 7nlower 7nlayer. 7nHas 7naccess
7nto 7nCO2 7nthrough 7nstomata. 7nKelvin 7nCycle: 7nwhere 7ncarbon 7nfixation 7noccurs,
7nconverting 7nnonorganic 7nCO2 7ninto 7nsugars.
Vein 7n(Vascular 7nbundle) 7n- 7nTransports 7nmaterials 7nthroughout 7nthe 7nleaf 7nand
7ncontains 7nthe 7nxylem 7nand 7nphloem.
Separating 7nthe 7nVB 7n= 7ndamage.
Stem 7nStructure 7n- 7nEpidermis, 7nCortex, 7nCollenchyma, 7nSclerenchyma,
7nVascular 7nTissues
Xylem 7n- 7n(Xylem 7nUp)
Distributes 7nwater 7nfrom 7nroots 7nthroughout 7n
Aimed 7ntowards 7nstem
Red
Tells 7nage 7nof 7ntree
Contains: 7ntracheids 7n& 7nvessel 7nmembers
Tracheids 7n- 7nThin, 7nhollow, 7nnarrow 7ntube, 7ndead 7ncells 7nwith 7nperforated,
7ntapered 7nends.
Vestigial 7nstructure
First 7nkind 7nof 7ntube 7nmade
Present 7nin 7nearly 7nvascular 7nplants 7nand 7npresent 7nin 7nangiosperms 7nand
7ngymnosperms 7n(slow 7nflow)
Vessel 7nMembers 7n- 7nThick, 7nhollow, 7nwide 7ntube, 7ndead 7ncells 7nwith 7nlarge
7nholes 7non 7nend.
Clearly 7nvisible
Phloem 7n- 7n(Phloem 7nDown)
Distributes 7nthe 7nproducts 7nof 7nphotosynthesis 7n(sugary 7nwater) 7nto 7nplants
7ntissues. 7n
Blue
Contains: 7nSieve 7ntube 7nmembers 7n(element) 7n& 7nCompanion 7ncells
Sieve 7nTube 7nMembers 7n- 7nhollow, 7nliving 7ncells 7nwith 7nperforated 7ncells
Companion 7nCells 7n- 7nliving 7ncells 7nthat 7nhelp 7nkeep 7nsieve 7ntube 7nmember
7ncells 7nalive. 7n
, Production 7nof 7nsugars 7nin 7nKelvin 7nCycle 7nrequire 7ntransportation 7ndone 7nby
7ncompanion 7ncells 7ninto 7nphloem
Which 7n4 7ncell 7ntypes 7nis 7nmost 7nactive 7nmetabolically 7nwhen 7nfully 7nfunctional?
7n- 7ncompanion 7ncells
Epidermis 7nin 7nTrees 7n- 7nis 7nreplaced 7nby 7nbark 7nor 7ncork. 7nProduced 7nby 7nthe
7ncork 7ncambium 7n(tissues 7nthat 7nproduce 7nother 7ntissues). 7n
Cork 7n(dead) 7n= 7nphloem 7n(alive)
Cork 7ncambium 7nproduces 7ncork. 7n
Trees 7ngrow 7nwider 7ncause 7nxylem 7nwill 7nget 7nclogged
The 7ncork 7nis 7nproduced 7nwhen? 7n- 7nSecondary 7nphloem
Composition 7nof 7nBark 7n- 7nis 7nproduced 7nfrom 7nphloem, 7ncork 7ncambium, 7nor
7ncork.
Lenticels 7n- 7ncracks 7nin 7nthe 7nbark 7nto 7nfacilitate 7ngas 7nexchange
Secondary 7nGrowth 7n- 7nHow 7na 7nplant 7nincreases 7nin 7ngirth 7n(diameter)
1. 7nVascular 7nCambium
2. 7nCork 7nCambium
3. 7nWood
4. 7nBark
5. 7nLenticels
6. 7n"Girdling 7nPlants"
Wood 7n- 7nproduced 7nby 7nxylem.
annual 7nrings
Heartwood: 7nclogged 7nxylem, 7nlittle 7nwater 7ntransport. 7nLocated 7ndeeper 7ninto
7ntrunk, 7nharder 7nwood
Sapwood: 7nnewer 7nxylem, 7nfree 7nflowing 7nwater 7ntransport. 7nPhloem 7nmakes
7nsap.
Girdling 7nPlants 7n- 7nWeed-Whakers 7n
Cutting 7na 7nHORIZONTAL 7nband 7naround 7nthe 7ncircumference 7nof 7nthe 7nplant,
7ncan 7nbe 7ndeadly 7nbecause 7nthe 7nvascular 7ncambium, 7nin 7nwhich 7nnutrients
7nand 7nwater 7ntravel 7nvertically, 7ncan 7nbe 7ndamaged.
What 7nhappens 7nto 7ninitial 7nphloem? 7n- 7nit 7ngets 7ncrushed
What 7nhappens 7nto 7nthe 7nxylem? 7n- 7nit 7ngets 7nclogged
Cortex 7n- 7nYellow 7nlayer 7ninside 7nepidermis
Separated 7nby 7na 7nring 7nof 7nvascular 7nbundles.
Ground 7nTissue 7nSystem 7n- 7nIncludes 7nvarious 7ncells 7nspecialized 7nfor 7nfunctions
7nsuch 7nas 7nstorage, 7nphotosynthesis, 7nand 7nsupport
Types 7nof 7nGround 7nTissue 7n- 7nParenchyma, 7nCollenchyma, 7nSclerenchyma
