BIO 1500 unit 8
1. : Cell's endowment of DNA, its genetic information: Genome
2. In prokaryotes: single, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule, in
; no surrounding DNA
Some prokaryotes also have smaller loops of DNA called , not
essential for normal growth. They can be exchanged between bacteria, some-
times receiving beneficial new : nucleoid, membrane, plasmids, genes
3. : one trait often spreads in a bacterial
colony through plasmid exchange from resistant donors to recipient cells: An-
tibiotic resistance
4. Eukaryotes contain several double-stranded linear DNA molecules
,( ): chromosomes
5. Human body/somatic cells have chromosomes= pairs. Each cell
contains two matched or sets of chromosomes (one set
from each parent)- configuration known as (n for a single set; a
diploid organism is designated 2n.): 46 , 23, homologous, diploid
6. Human gametes/sex cells (sperm or eggs) have chromosomes each.
Having one set of chromosomes, those are 1n, or : 23, haploid
7. 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes in a female human somatic cell.
Condensed chromosomes are viewed within the nucleus (top), removed from
a cell during (also called or
) and spread out on a slide (right), and artificially arranged ac-
,cording to length (left); an arrangement like this is called a : mitosis,
karyokinesis, nuclear division, karyotype
8. By , each gamete contributes one set of chromo-
somes -> creating a cell (zygote; 2n) containing matched pairs
of chromosomes: fertilization, diploid, homologous
9. Homologous chromosomes have same length and specific nucleotide seg-
ments/ at the same location, or . So have the same
genes in the same order. However, they don't necessarily have the same
of genes.: genes, locus, versions
, 10. , functional units of chromosomes, determine specific charac-
teristics by coding for specific proteins
: variations of those characteristics.: Genes
11. DNA packaged to fit in the nucleus. Also, must be readily
accessible for the genes to be : tightly, expressed
12. DNA wrap around a core of proteins at regular intervals
forming (beads on a string, 10 nm): 8, histone, nucleosomes
13. Nucleosomes and linker DNA between them are coiled into -nm
-fiber. This further the chromosome: 30, chro-
matin, condenses
1. : Cell's endowment of DNA, its genetic information: Genome
2. In prokaryotes: single, circular, double-stranded DNA molecule, in
; no surrounding DNA
Some prokaryotes also have smaller loops of DNA called , not
essential for normal growth. They can be exchanged between bacteria, some-
times receiving beneficial new : nucleoid, membrane, plasmids, genes
3. : one trait often spreads in a bacterial
colony through plasmid exchange from resistant donors to recipient cells: An-
tibiotic resistance
4. Eukaryotes contain several double-stranded linear DNA molecules
,( ): chromosomes
5. Human body/somatic cells have chromosomes= pairs. Each cell
contains two matched or sets of chromosomes (one set
from each parent)- configuration known as (n for a single set; a
diploid organism is designated 2n.): 46 , 23, homologous, diploid
6. Human gametes/sex cells (sperm or eggs) have chromosomes each.
Having one set of chromosomes, those are 1n, or : 23, haploid
7. 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes in a female human somatic cell.
Condensed chromosomes are viewed within the nucleus (top), removed from
a cell during (also called or
) and spread out on a slide (right), and artificially arranged ac-
,cording to length (left); an arrangement like this is called a : mitosis,
karyokinesis, nuclear division, karyotype
8. By , each gamete contributes one set of chromo-
somes -> creating a cell (zygote; 2n) containing matched pairs
of chromosomes: fertilization, diploid, homologous
9. Homologous chromosomes have same length and specific nucleotide seg-
ments/ at the same location, or . So have the same
genes in the same order. However, they don't necessarily have the same
of genes.: genes, locus, versions
, 10. , functional units of chromosomes, determine specific charac-
teristics by coding for specific proteins
: variations of those characteristics.: Genes
11. DNA packaged to fit in the nucleus. Also, must be readily
accessible for the genes to be : tightly, expressed
12. DNA wrap around a core of proteins at regular intervals
forming (beads on a string, 10 nm): 8, histone, nucleosomes
13. Nucleosomes and linker DNA between them are coiled into -nm
-fiber. This further the chromosome: 30, chro-
matin, condenses
