BIO 1500 chapter 12
1. Genetic Information stored in : DNA
2. : specify/encode the sequences of amino acids/building blocks
of proteins: Genes
3. are responsible for orchestrating nearly every function of
the cell: proteins
4. Flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA by transcription, then
from mRNA to protein by translation is known as ...: the central dogma
5. Genes specify the sequence of , which in turn specify the se-
quence of that make up all proteins: mRNAs, amino acids
6. A gene's DNA sequence is copied/transcribed to make a single-strand RNA
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,molecule by : RNA polymerase
7. mRNA alphabet: A, C, G, and uracil ( instead of ): U, T
8. Transcription begins when binds to a se-
quence near beginning of a gene
- One of the DNA strands acts as a to make a new, complementary
RNA molecule.
depends on sequences in RNA, signaling transcript is fin-
ished.: RNA polymerase, promoter, template
- Termination
9. Translation is more complex
mRNA nucleotides (codon) code for one amino acid
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, • : 2-10 amino acids
• : 10-50 amino acids
• : 51 and more amino acids
and , such that nucleotides 1 to 3 correspond
to amino acid 1, nucleotides 4 to 6 correspond to amino acid 2, and so on: three
, Peptides, Polypeptides, proteins, Systematic, collinear
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1. Genetic Information stored in : DNA
2. : specify/encode the sequences of amino acids/building blocks
of proteins: Genes
3. are responsible for orchestrating nearly every function of
the cell: proteins
4. Flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA by transcription, then
from mRNA to protein by translation is known as ...: the central dogma
5. Genes specify the sequence of , which in turn specify the se-
quence of that make up all proteins: mRNAs, amino acids
6. A gene's DNA sequence is copied/transcribed to make a single-strand RNA
1/9
,molecule by : RNA polymerase
7. mRNA alphabet: A, C, G, and uracil ( instead of ): U, T
8. Transcription begins when binds to a se-
quence near beginning of a gene
- One of the DNA strands acts as a to make a new, complementary
RNA molecule.
depends on sequences in RNA, signaling transcript is fin-
ished.: RNA polymerase, promoter, template
- Termination
9. Translation is more complex
mRNA nucleotides (codon) code for one amino acid
2/9
, • : 2-10 amino acids
• : 10-50 amino acids
• : 51 and more amino acids
and , such that nucleotides 1 to 3 correspond
to amino acid 1, nucleotides 4 to 6 correspond to amino acid 2, and so on: three
, Peptides, Polypeptides, proteins, Systematic, collinear
3/9
