BIO 1500 chapter 23
1. Solutes in body fluids are mainly mineral and : salts, sugars
2. : process by which solutes and water concentrations
are controlled within narrow limits across membranes within body fluids to
maintain homeostasis: Osmoregulation
3. Fluid =
: solute that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water.
doesn't dissociate into ions.
• Both contribute to osmotic balance: Electrolyte, non-electrolyte
4. Body's fluids include
• blood
,• within cells (Intracellular fluid IC)
• fluid (in spaces between cells and between tissues): plasma,
cytosol, interstitial
5. The blood maintains an isotonic environment so that cells neither shrink nor
swell (TRUE OR FALSE): TRUE
6. rids body of nitrogenous metabolites and other waste prod-
ucts
: balancing/control solute concentrations and water gain
and loss
, solute concentration of a solution, determines the movement
of water across a selectively permeable membrane: Excretion, Osmoregulation, Osmolarity
,7. Water enters and leaves cells by
If two solutions differ in osmolarity, flow of water is from the
(less concentrated) to the (more con-
centrated) solution: osmosis, hypoosmotic, hyperosmotic
8. To maintain osmotic balance, osmoregulation achieved across membranes
and excess electrolytes and wastes are transported to the
and excreted: kidneys
, 9. • Water can pass through membranes by diffusion
• If electrolyte ions passively diffuse across membranes, it would be impossible
to maintain concentrations in each compartment required for
homeostasis; therefore, electrolytes require special to
cross
-> transport, requires energy in form of ATP, and pumps to move
solutes against concentration gradients
-> diffusion requires protein-based channels or carrier
proteins for moving polar solute down concentration gradient (no energy
needed): passive, specific , mechanisms, active, facilitated
10. Transport of electrolytes across membranes
1. Solutes in body fluids are mainly mineral and : salts, sugars
2. : process by which solutes and water concentrations
are controlled within narrow limits across membranes within body fluids to
maintain homeostasis: Osmoregulation
3. Fluid =
: solute that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water.
doesn't dissociate into ions.
• Both contribute to osmotic balance: Electrolyte, non-electrolyte
4. Body's fluids include
• blood
,• within cells (Intracellular fluid IC)
• fluid (in spaces between cells and between tissues): plasma,
cytosol, interstitial
5. The blood maintains an isotonic environment so that cells neither shrink nor
swell (TRUE OR FALSE): TRUE
6. rids body of nitrogenous metabolites and other waste prod-
ucts
: balancing/control solute concentrations and water gain
and loss
, solute concentration of a solution, determines the movement
of water across a selectively permeable membrane: Excretion, Osmoregulation, Osmolarity
,7. Water enters and leaves cells by
If two solutions differ in osmolarity, flow of water is from the
(less concentrated) to the (more con-
centrated) solution: osmosis, hypoosmotic, hyperosmotic
8. To maintain osmotic balance, osmoregulation achieved across membranes
and excess electrolytes and wastes are transported to the
and excreted: kidneys
, 9. • Water can pass through membranes by diffusion
• If electrolyte ions passively diffuse across membranes, it would be impossible
to maintain concentrations in each compartment required for
homeostasis; therefore, electrolytes require special to
cross
-> transport, requires energy in form of ATP, and pumps to move
solutes against concentration gradients
-> diffusion requires protein-based channels or carrier
proteins for moving polar solute down concentration gradient (no energy
needed): passive, specific , mechanisms, active, facilitated
10. Transport of electrolytes across membranes
