Bio 1500 test 7
1. Describe the likely response of Andean hummingbirds to climate change.: -
low-elevation bird species displace higher elevation ones as temperatures warm up
2. Predict which species of Andean hummingbirds have a higher/lower proba-
bility of surviving climate change.: predicted upwards movement is underway, but this study suggests
this may not last long because the mutations necessary to allow species to colonise and thrive in high-elevation habitats
may not occur quickly enough. As a consequence, low altitude species may die out before adapting to higher elevations,
which may protect high-altitude species from direct competition for limited resources
3. Explain why Dr. Schul is studying katydids, even though he doesn't care about
katydids.: Because they are very well suited to study important evolutionary and neurobiological problems
4. Explain why we are still talking about geese.: they provide a platform for us to learn about
many biological processes
5. Describe the structure of viruses: - Acellular
- smaller than bacteria, contain nucleic acids (DNA or RNA but not both)
1/5
, - capsid (protein coat)
- some have a lipid envelope
- attachment proteins
6. Recall the features by which viruses are categorized: size & shape of capsid
- spherical, helix, or head & tail
Genetic material
- DNA vs RNA
- single vs double stranded
- pos or neg sense
- presence or absence of lipid envelope
7. Recall the general steps of viral reproduction: 1. virus attaches to the surface of cell (often via
receptor)
2. injects genetic material
3. viral genes directs cell to reproduce viral protein
4. viral proteins assemble into new virions
5. new virions leave the cell
8. Know the features of Corona viruses: spherical, pos sense RNA, lipid bilayer envelope
9. Describe two pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 enters cells: 1. endocytotic pathway: into
the endosome, fuses with endosome membrane, empties genome into the host
2/5
1. Describe the likely response of Andean hummingbirds to climate change.: -
low-elevation bird species displace higher elevation ones as temperatures warm up
2. Predict which species of Andean hummingbirds have a higher/lower proba-
bility of surviving climate change.: predicted upwards movement is underway, but this study suggests
this may not last long because the mutations necessary to allow species to colonise and thrive in high-elevation habitats
may not occur quickly enough. As a consequence, low altitude species may die out before adapting to higher elevations,
which may protect high-altitude species from direct competition for limited resources
3. Explain why Dr. Schul is studying katydids, even though he doesn't care about
katydids.: Because they are very well suited to study important evolutionary and neurobiological problems
4. Explain why we are still talking about geese.: they provide a platform for us to learn about
many biological processes
5. Describe the structure of viruses: - Acellular
- smaller than bacteria, contain nucleic acids (DNA or RNA but not both)
1/5
, - capsid (protein coat)
- some have a lipid envelope
- attachment proteins
6. Recall the features by which viruses are categorized: size & shape of capsid
- spherical, helix, or head & tail
Genetic material
- DNA vs RNA
- single vs double stranded
- pos or neg sense
- presence or absence of lipid envelope
7. Recall the general steps of viral reproduction: 1. virus attaches to the surface of cell (often via
receptor)
2. injects genetic material
3. viral genes directs cell to reproduce viral protein
4. viral proteins assemble into new virions
5. new virions leave the cell
8. Know the features of Corona viruses: spherical, pos sense RNA, lipid bilayer envelope
9. Describe two pathways by which SARS-CoV-2 enters cells: 1. endocytotic pathway: into
the endosome, fuses with endosome membrane, empties genome into the host
2/5
