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Samenvatting - Medische bacteriologie 1

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Samenvatting ppt's en cursus. 2de jaar MLT

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Medische bacteriologie



H1: Inleiding
1.1. Taxonomie
1.1.1. Terrein van de medische microbiologie
m.o. die zich hebben aangepast aan de mens
‐ Microbiota: onschadelijk
‐ Transiënte: omgevingsflora: regelmatig terug te vinden + onschadelijk
‐ (opportunistische) pathogenen: schadelijk: virulentiefactoren!

1.1.2. Pathogene m.o.
- Virussen (< 300 nm)
- Bacteriën: prokaryote ééncelligen (2-3 µm)
- Schimmels: eukaryote ééncelligen (10µm)
- Parasieten
o Protozoa: eukaryote ééncelligen (10-100 µm)
o Metazoa: eukaryote meercelligen: helminthes, arthropoda

1.1.3. Classificatie van m.o.
Correcte identificatie = species = naam
Typeren = stam (bvb. Stam E. coli O157:H7 behoort tot species E. coli

1. Morfologische classificatie
- Gramkleuring  vorm en kleur + groepsverband
o Gram + = paars gram - = rood

- Vorm
o Bacil = staaf kok = rond
Kokken Cilindrische cellen
- Diplokokken = per 2 - Bacillen = staafjes
- Streptokokken = keten - Vibrios = komma’s
- Staphylokokken = druiventrosjes - Spirillen = gegolfde staafjes
- Tetraden = per 4 - Spirocheten = buigzaam + spiraal
- Sacrinen = per 8
- Neisseriae = per 2 + niervormig




1

, Medische bacteriologie


1. Filamenteuze bacteriën: 3 geslachten
- Actinomyces
o Gram - ,niet zuurvast, anaëroob
- Nocardia
o Gram + , zuurvast, aëroob
- Streptomyces
o Gram +, niet zuurvast, aëroob




Actinomyces: gingivitis, Nocardia: grondbacterie, Streptomyces: productie AB, mycetomen
abcessen, infectie thv cervix, pneumonie, mycetomen
abdomen: via verwonding (knobbels thv voet)


2. Echte bacteriën
A) Kokken:
- Streptokokken: gram +
- Staphylokokken: gram +
- Tetraden
- Sarcinae: gram +
- Neisseriae: gram –
- Veillonella: gram – (diplo)kokken




Streptococcus agalactiae: vaginaal slijmvlies,
Sterptococcus pyogenes: uit keel  keelontsteking vrouwen drager zonder problemen
Streptokokken




Antibiotica: penicilline wel probleem bij zwangere vrouwen voor de
baby, kind = geen afweer  fataal




Streptococcus pneumoniae: diplokok,
hebben heldere zone rond kok Enterococcus spp.: kokken, diplokokken,
staphylokokken, streptokokken
longontsteking, als in BB zit dan naar
hersenen  meningitis ENTERO = uit darm  naar urinewegen = infectie


2

, Medische bacteriologie


Clusters




Staphylococcus aureus: huid, slijmvlies Moraxella catarrhalis: sputum smear

Verschillende stammen, sommige MSSA en MRSA Gram -, verwekker pneumonie

MRASA : beo. Resistentiegenen  niet te behandelen
met gwn antibiotica
= methicilline resistente staphylococcus aureus
MSSA = methicilline sensitieve
Neisseriae




Links: N. gonorrhoeae, reincultuur
N. meningiditis in CSV
Rechts: N. gonorrhoeae, exsudaat van putsel
Iedereen drager van, in bovenste luchtwegen
Soa gepaard met zweren vocht eruit onderzocht
Ev. Naar BB en hersenen  meningitis
B) Bacillen:
- Zuurvaste: myobacterium tuberculosis
- Gram + sporevormers
o Bacillus (aëroob)
o Clostridium (anaëroob): tetani  tetanus
geslachten




- Gram + niet-sporevormers
o Corynebacterium: luchtweginfecties
o Lactobacillus: commensaal in darmen en vaginaal slijmvlies, zorgt voor zure pH
o Listeria
- Gram – staven: Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli en salmonella), Pseudomonas (tijdelijk)




Bacillus Clostridium




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