ISU_ GEOL 324: EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% VERIFIED
***Lecture 22*** - ANSWER Lecture 22
Point source vs nonpoint source polluters - ANSWER Point source = localized, stationary
source of pollution
Nonpoint source = widely distributed and mobile source of pollution
Primary vs secondary pollution - ANSWER Primary pollutants = direct products of combustion
(Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide)
Secondary pollutants = products of reactions between primary pollutants and environment
Particulate matter categories and cardiovascular disease - ANSWER PM is
described/categorized by particle size more often than particle composition
Any particle that is suspended in the air and has a diameter:
2.5-10 microns in diameter = PM10
Less than 2.5 microns in diameter = PM2.5
,Absorbed into lung and cardiovascular tissues:
▪ premature death in people with heart or lung disease,
▪ irregular heartbeat,
▪ aggravated asthma,
▪ decreased lung function
▪ increased respiratory irritation of the airways, coughing or difficulty breathing.
Particulate matter:
1) incompletely burned hydrocarbons (soot)
2) ash component of fuel
3) products of secondary reactions in atmosphere
The role of oxygen in producing carbon monoxide during combustion - ANSWER Carbon
monoxide is the result of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, due to insufficient amount of
oxygen or fuel/air ratios
Major emitters of carbon monoxide (pie chart) - ANSWER 49% Road Vehicles
20% Non-Road Vehicles (Half of this comes from lawn equipment)
11% Fires
Produced primarily by vehicles and small engines
, Catalytic converters reduce CO emissions
The role of oxygen in producing NOx compounds during combustion - ANSWER Atmospheric
nitrogen becomes oxidized at high temperatures during fossil fuel combustion
Major emitters of NOx compounds (pie chart) - ANSWER 35% Road Vehicles
21% Industrial activities
21% Electric power generation
20% Non-road vehicles (1/2 of non-road emissions = lawn equipment)
Catalytic converters (vehicles) and staged combustion (power plants) reduce NOx emissions
What are catalytic converters? - ANSWER Honeycomb-like substrate coated in precious metal
catalysts
Platinum and Rhodium (reduction)
Platinum and Palladium (oxidation)
Reduce NOx and CO emissions
***Lecture 23*** - ANSWER ***Lecture 23***
100% VERIFIED
***Lecture 22*** - ANSWER Lecture 22
Point source vs nonpoint source polluters - ANSWER Point source = localized, stationary
source of pollution
Nonpoint source = widely distributed and mobile source of pollution
Primary vs secondary pollution - ANSWER Primary pollutants = direct products of combustion
(Carbon monoxide, Nitrogen oxide, and sulfur dioxide)
Secondary pollutants = products of reactions between primary pollutants and environment
Particulate matter categories and cardiovascular disease - ANSWER PM is
described/categorized by particle size more often than particle composition
Any particle that is suspended in the air and has a diameter:
2.5-10 microns in diameter = PM10
Less than 2.5 microns in diameter = PM2.5
,Absorbed into lung and cardiovascular tissues:
▪ premature death in people with heart or lung disease,
▪ irregular heartbeat,
▪ aggravated asthma,
▪ decreased lung function
▪ increased respiratory irritation of the airways, coughing or difficulty breathing.
Particulate matter:
1) incompletely burned hydrocarbons (soot)
2) ash component of fuel
3) products of secondary reactions in atmosphere
The role of oxygen in producing carbon monoxide during combustion - ANSWER Carbon
monoxide is the result of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, due to insufficient amount of
oxygen or fuel/air ratios
Major emitters of carbon monoxide (pie chart) - ANSWER 49% Road Vehicles
20% Non-Road Vehicles (Half of this comes from lawn equipment)
11% Fires
Produced primarily by vehicles and small engines
, Catalytic converters reduce CO emissions
The role of oxygen in producing NOx compounds during combustion - ANSWER Atmospheric
nitrogen becomes oxidized at high temperatures during fossil fuel combustion
Major emitters of NOx compounds (pie chart) - ANSWER 35% Road Vehicles
21% Industrial activities
21% Electric power generation
20% Non-road vehicles (1/2 of non-road emissions = lawn equipment)
Catalytic converters (vehicles) and staged combustion (power plants) reduce NOx emissions
What are catalytic converters? - ANSWER Honeycomb-like substrate coated in precious metal
catalysts
Platinum and Rhodium (reduction)
Platinum and Palladium (oxidation)
Reduce NOx and CO emissions
***Lecture 23*** - ANSWER ***Lecture 23***
