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Samenvatting - Biochemie en eiwittechnologie

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Dit is een samenvatting van alle ppt's. Biochemie 2de jaar BMLT

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Hoofdstuk 1: Inleiding
1.1. Het Miller-Urey-experiment
- Door Stanley Miller en Harold Urey in 1953
- Nabootsen van aard → water: componenten oceanen, gas: componenten lucht, etc.
- Toonden aan dat complexe AZ spontaan kunnen ontstaan
- Aanwijzing hoe leven op Aarde uit anorganische stoffen ontstaan → theorie God alles
geschapen fout
- Aarde zonder O2 → spontaan ontstaan geven aan complexe moleculen


Wetenschap = dynamisch!!



Hoofdstuk 2: Biomoleculen
2.1. Water
- Belangrijkste component!
- Watergehalte verschilt per organisme + afh. Omstandigheden, individu, ouderdom
o Foetus = 94%
o Mens = 70% oude man = 53% oude vrouw = 46% → minder metabole
activiteit want minder water in lichaam
- Sterk actief levende delen → hoog gehalte

Functies:
- Goed oplosmiddel voor elektrolyten + polaire stoffen
- Transportmiddel: O2, CO2, hormonen, …
- In veel biomedische reacties als reagens: hydrolyse reacties, hydratie + dehydratatie
- Rol in zuur-base evenwichten
- Grote warmtecapaciteit (ook transpiratie)


2.2. Anorganische stoffen
Fe2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, H2PO4-, HPO42- en SO42-, I-, …
- Specifieke functies
o Mg 2+ → activeert enzymes
o Ca 2+ → bloedstolling
o Fe 2+ → hemoglobine
o Na + en K+ → integriteit celmembraan

- Waarom geen H3PO4, PO43- H2SO4 ?
o Deze vormen zijn te agressief → dus altijd tussenvorm

- Belangrijk:

1

, o voor ionensterkte → invloed op metabolisme
o buffers: CO32-, HCO3- , H2PO4-, HPO42- → pH regeling in bloed en cel
o Bouwstof: Ca3(PO4)2 in tanden en beenderen
▪ Glazuur, sterk maar erodeert bij ouder worden
▪ Lost op bij pH 5.5 → cola pH 4.5
▪ Tanden niet poetsen → bacteriën starten bij lage OG → worden zuur →
gaatjes (oxidatiereeks, extra blad)
▪ Soms toxisch na ontbinding v organisme -SH in eiwitten →H2S


2.3. Organische moleculen
2.3.1. Soorten bindingen
Herkennen!



Fosforzuurester → fosfor
gekoppeld aan R groep
Amide → komt voor in eiwitten
Thioëster: thio = zwavel – ester =
carbonzuurester
Energierijke bindingen = zijn
onstabiel → ontbinden →
energie vrij




2

, 2.3.2. Acetyl CoA (coënzym A)
Belangrijkste molecule!! Kunnen tekenen
Regelt transferacties
- Nucleotiden: adenosine (1ste accolade)
- Suiker ribose
- 2 fosfaten erboven → lijkt op ADP
- Geel: eindigt op zwavel (belangrijk) = SH → spreken
over CoA, want H op S kan vervangen worden door
acetylgroep (COCH3) → acetyl CoA
o Acetaat = CH3COOH = azijnzuur
- Groen= fosforzuurester
- Licht blauw: amide
- Geel = thioëster

2.3.3. Organische moleculen
- Oxidatiereeks
o O2 wordt gebruikt om weggenomen e- op te
zetten




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