NUSCTX 10S EXAMS SCRIPT UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Anabolism - ✔✔uses energy to construct components of cells (requires energy)
✔✔Catabolism - ✔✔breaks down organic matter, for example, to harvest energy
(releases energy)
✔✔Homeostasis - ✔✔refers to any process that living things use to actively maintain
fairly stable conditions necessary for survival
✔✔Enzymes - ✔✔Are tiny helpers in the body that speed up reactions by making it
easier for them to happen.
✔✔Active site - ✔✔where molecules fit like a lock
✔✔substrate - ✔✔the molecule acts as a key
✔✔enzyme-substratre - ✔✔new form when active site and substrate come together
✔✔products - ✔✔the result
✔✔Cellular respiration - ✔✔cellsrelease energy from the chemical bondsof food
molecules and provide that energy for the essential processes of life.
✔✔Mitochondria - ✔✔helps transfer energy from the chemical bonds of nutrient
molecules to newly created ATP molecules
✔✔Oxidation - ✔✔the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by a molecule,
atom, or ion.
✔✔Reduction - ✔✔he gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state by a molecule,
atom, or ion
✔✔Scientific Method - ✔✔identify the problem, gather data, make a hypothesis, test the
hypothesis, does the new data agree?
✔✔the term Falsifiability - ✔✔is a synonym for testability
✔✔Correlation - ✔✔is a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or
more variables fluctuate together.
✔✔association - ✔✔does not give the extent of a relationship between two or more
variables
, ✔✔correlation does not imply - ✔✔causation
✔✔Cohort Studies - ✔✔Involve following groups of people over time. There are
twoprimary purposes for these studies.
✔✔Prospective studies - ✔✔The investigator defines the sample and measures the
predictor variables before any outcomes have occurred.
✔✔Retrospective studies - ✔✔The investigator defines the sample and collects data
about the predictor variables after the out comes have occurred.
✔✔potential energy - ✔✔is the energy stored within an object
✔✔The law of constant heat sums - ✔✔The total heat gained or lost in a chemical
change depends only on the start and end states, not on how the change happens.
✔✔Framework for human energy production - ✔✔1) Concentrations gradient are
necessary to produce energy
2) Formation of concentration gradients require energy
✔✔concentration gradient - ✔✔Particles, called solutes, move from an area of higher
number of particles to an area of lower number of particles. The areas are typically
separated by a membrane.
✔✔ATP is produced in the... - ✔✔mitochondria
✔✔Energy is stored as.. - ✔✔ATP
✔✔what we eat: - ✔✔Carbohydrates, Portein, Fat
✔✔How we use energy: - ✔✔basal metabolism, thermic effect of food (TEF), physical
activity, nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
✔✔Direct Calorimetry - ✔✔1. burn food
2. measure heat given off
✔✔Gross energy - ✔✔The total (thermic) energy in thefoods released by complete
oxidation
✔✔surface law - ✔✔The metabolic rate (heat production per unit time) of ananimal is
proportional to their respective surface area.
✔✔prediction of basal metabolic rate - ✔✔M = 70.5 W^0.75
ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Anabolism - ✔✔uses energy to construct components of cells (requires energy)
✔✔Catabolism - ✔✔breaks down organic matter, for example, to harvest energy
(releases energy)
✔✔Homeostasis - ✔✔refers to any process that living things use to actively maintain
fairly stable conditions necessary for survival
✔✔Enzymes - ✔✔Are tiny helpers in the body that speed up reactions by making it
easier for them to happen.
✔✔Active site - ✔✔where molecules fit like a lock
✔✔substrate - ✔✔the molecule acts as a key
✔✔enzyme-substratre - ✔✔new form when active site and substrate come together
✔✔products - ✔✔the result
✔✔Cellular respiration - ✔✔cellsrelease energy from the chemical bondsof food
molecules and provide that energy for the essential processes of life.
✔✔Mitochondria - ✔✔helps transfer energy from the chemical bonds of nutrient
molecules to newly created ATP molecules
✔✔Oxidation - ✔✔the loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation state by a molecule,
atom, or ion.
✔✔Reduction - ✔✔he gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation state by a molecule,
atom, or ion
✔✔Scientific Method - ✔✔identify the problem, gather data, make a hypothesis, test the
hypothesis, does the new data agree?
✔✔the term Falsifiability - ✔✔is a synonym for testability
✔✔Correlation - ✔✔is a statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or
more variables fluctuate together.
✔✔association - ✔✔does not give the extent of a relationship between two or more
variables
, ✔✔correlation does not imply - ✔✔causation
✔✔Cohort Studies - ✔✔Involve following groups of people over time. There are
twoprimary purposes for these studies.
✔✔Prospective studies - ✔✔The investigator defines the sample and measures the
predictor variables before any outcomes have occurred.
✔✔Retrospective studies - ✔✔The investigator defines the sample and collects data
about the predictor variables after the out comes have occurred.
✔✔potential energy - ✔✔is the energy stored within an object
✔✔The law of constant heat sums - ✔✔The total heat gained or lost in a chemical
change depends only on the start and end states, not on how the change happens.
✔✔Framework for human energy production - ✔✔1) Concentrations gradient are
necessary to produce energy
2) Formation of concentration gradients require energy
✔✔concentration gradient - ✔✔Particles, called solutes, move from an area of higher
number of particles to an area of lower number of particles. The areas are typically
separated by a membrane.
✔✔ATP is produced in the... - ✔✔mitochondria
✔✔Energy is stored as.. - ✔✔ATP
✔✔what we eat: - ✔✔Carbohydrates, Portein, Fat
✔✔How we use energy: - ✔✔basal metabolism, thermic effect of food (TEF), physical
activity, nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)
✔✔Direct Calorimetry - ✔✔1. burn food
2. measure heat given off
✔✔Gross energy - ✔✔The total (thermic) energy in thefoods released by complete
oxidation
✔✔surface law - ✔✔The metabolic rate (heat production per unit time) of ananimal is
proportional to their respective surface area.
✔✔prediction of basal metabolic rate - ✔✔M = 70.5 W^0.75
