Remar NCLEX EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What |is |the |primary |symptom |of |GERD?
Heartburn |(pyrosis)
What |tests |confirms |GERD?
Barium |Swallow |fluoroscopy
What |malfunction |allows |reflux |in |GERD?
lower |esophageal |sphincter
what |is |the |client |teaching |for |GERD?
Low |fat |high |protein |diet, |take |antacids, |avoid |lying |flat |after |meals
What |is |the |virus |that |causes |AIDS?
human |immunodeficiency |virus |(HIV)
How |is |HIV |transmitted?
sexual |intercourse, |direct |contact |with |infected |blood/ |body |fluids |( |body |fluids- |semen, |breast
|milk) |HIV |mother |gives |birth |to |baby
What |are |the |symptoms |of |HIV
Fever, |weight |loss, |night |sweats, |diarrhea, |fatigue
How |is |the |presence |of |HIV |confirmed?
Screening |is |done |FIRST |to |see |if |HIV |antibodies |are |present. |The |test |is |performed |to |
specifically |identify |the |HIV |antibodies
What |is |the |screening |for |AIDS?
ELISA
What |confirms |the |screening |test |for |HIV
Western |blot
,Hos |does |HIV |attack |the |body?
It |attacks |the |immune |system |by |destroying |T-lymphocytes |The |virus |also |rapidly |
self=replicates
What |is |so |important |about |T-lymphocytes?
T |cells |help |immune |system |+ |recognize |and |fight |pathogens
What |is |another |name |for |T-Lymphocytes?
CD4 |cells
Why |is |the |CD4 |count |important?
The |lower |the |CD4 |count |the |more |damage |the |virus |has |done |to |the |body.
What |is |a |normal |cd4 |count?
500-1500 |cells/mm3
What |is |the |normal |CD4 |count |in |a |client |with |HIV?
Anything |at |or |above |500. |Client |is |considered |in |good |health. |If |below |500 |HIV |has |
progressed |to |AIDS.
If |a |client's |CD4 |count |is |below |200, |client |is |at |risk |for |what?
Opportunistic |Infections
List |some |opportunistic |Infections
-Oral |pharyngeal |canididal |infection |(mouth |fungus)
-Kaposi's |sarcoma |(skin |cancer)
-Pneumocystis |pneumonia
-Cytomegalovirus |(blindness)
-Meningitis
What |is |the |goal |of |HIV |medications?
To |interfere |with |the |virus |replicating
The |most |important |medication |for |HIV/ |AIDS |is?
Zidovudine |(AZT, |Retrovir)
Which |isolation |precautions |are |used |with |HIV?
,Universal |precautions, |patients |do |not |have |to |tell |you |they |have |HIV, |treat |everyone |as |if |they
|are |INFECTED!
How |do |the |precautions |change |with |AIDS?
If |the |client |has |a |low |CD4 |count |and |is |at |risk |for |opportunistic |infection |implement |private |
room, |reverse |isolation, |RN |wears |gown, |goggles, |and |mask |when |in |direct |contact |with |blood |
or |body |fluids.
What |are |teaching |points |for |parents |who |have |a |child |with |HIV
clean |up |body |fluid/blood |with |a |10:1 |water/bleach |ratio
get |all |immunizations |except |MMR, |Varicella |and |oral |poliovirus(live |vaccines)
High |Calorie |High |protein |diet
gloves |when |changing |diapers.
What |is |the |definition |of |ACUTE |RENAL |FAILURE?(ARF)
Sudden |loss |of |kidney |function |to |excrete |toxins |and |regulate |fluids/electrolytes
What |are |some |possible |causes |of |ARF?
Infection, |obstruction, |shock
What |are |the |three |phases |of |ARF
Oliguric, |diuretic, |recovery
During |the |Oliguric |phase |what |will |you |see?
This |phase |lasts |one |to |two |weeks.
Low |urine |output |<400
hyperkalemia, |hypertension, |elevated |BUN/creatinine
fluid |overload
What |other |two |electrolytes |will |be |elevated |in |the |oliguric |phase |of |ARF?
Sodium |and |potassium
The |diuretic |phase |is |second |in |ARF |what |will |you |see?
Urine |output |slowly |returns, |hypokalemia, |hypotension, |BUN/creatinine |decreases |but |still |
elevated.
What |does |recovery |phase |mean?
Kidneys |are |recovering |through |a |slow |process, |urine |vl |& |BUN |is |normal
, What |are |nursing |interventions? |ARF
Daily |weights |strict |I |and |O |treat |the |causes |of |renal |failure |and |diuretics
What |is |the |best |diet |for |a |client |with |ARF?
High |carb |& |low |protein
Clients |allergic |to |latex |may |also |be |allergic |to |which |foods?
bananas, |kiwi, |chestnuts
What |standard |hospital |equipment |contains |latex?
Blood |pressure |cuffs, |gloves, |stethoscopes, |tourniquets, |band |aids, |and |indwelling |catheters
What |allergy |is |contraindicated |for |IV |contrast |dye?
iodine/shellfish |allergy
What |are |the |major |complications |of |having |an |amputation |performed?
Infections, |skin |breakdown, |phantom |limb |pain, |joint |contractures
what |is |the |positioning |for |post |op |care? |AKA |(above |the |knee) |amputation
Elevate |first |24 |hours, |then |prone |position |twice |daily |to |prevent |hip |flexion
What |is |the |positioning |for |post |op |care |BKA(below |the |knee) |amputation
elevate |foot |of |bed |first |24 |hours, |then |prone |position |twice |daily |to |prevent |hip |flexion
What |should |you |encourage |with |an |amputation?
Expressing |feelings |about |lost |limb
Pain |felt |in |an |area |that |has |been |amputated
Pain |felt |in |an |area |that |has |been |amputated
True |or |False? |An |aneurysm |is |a |dilation |formed |at |a |weak |point |on |the |wall |of |an |artery
True
What |are |the |symptoms |of |aneurysms |inside |the |body?
most |aneurysms |inside |the |body |have |NO |symptoms
what |sound |would |be |heard |on |auscultation |of |an |aneurysm
blowing |bruit
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What |is |the |primary |symptom |of |GERD?
Heartburn |(pyrosis)
What |tests |confirms |GERD?
Barium |Swallow |fluoroscopy
What |malfunction |allows |reflux |in |GERD?
lower |esophageal |sphincter
what |is |the |client |teaching |for |GERD?
Low |fat |high |protein |diet, |take |antacids, |avoid |lying |flat |after |meals
What |is |the |virus |that |causes |AIDS?
human |immunodeficiency |virus |(HIV)
How |is |HIV |transmitted?
sexual |intercourse, |direct |contact |with |infected |blood/ |body |fluids |( |body |fluids- |semen, |breast
|milk) |HIV |mother |gives |birth |to |baby
What |are |the |symptoms |of |HIV
Fever, |weight |loss, |night |sweats, |diarrhea, |fatigue
How |is |the |presence |of |HIV |confirmed?
Screening |is |done |FIRST |to |see |if |HIV |antibodies |are |present. |The |test |is |performed |to |
specifically |identify |the |HIV |antibodies
What |is |the |screening |for |AIDS?
ELISA
What |confirms |the |screening |test |for |HIV
Western |blot
,Hos |does |HIV |attack |the |body?
It |attacks |the |immune |system |by |destroying |T-lymphocytes |The |virus |also |rapidly |
self=replicates
What |is |so |important |about |T-lymphocytes?
T |cells |help |immune |system |+ |recognize |and |fight |pathogens
What |is |another |name |for |T-Lymphocytes?
CD4 |cells
Why |is |the |CD4 |count |important?
The |lower |the |CD4 |count |the |more |damage |the |virus |has |done |to |the |body.
What |is |a |normal |cd4 |count?
500-1500 |cells/mm3
What |is |the |normal |CD4 |count |in |a |client |with |HIV?
Anything |at |or |above |500. |Client |is |considered |in |good |health. |If |below |500 |HIV |has |
progressed |to |AIDS.
If |a |client's |CD4 |count |is |below |200, |client |is |at |risk |for |what?
Opportunistic |Infections
List |some |opportunistic |Infections
-Oral |pharyngeal |canididal |infection |(mouth |fungus)
-Kaposi's |sarcoma |(skin |cancer)
-Pneumocystis |pneumonia
-Cytomegalovirus |(blindness)
-Meningitis
What |is |the |goal |of |HIV |medications?
To |interfere |with |the |virus |replicating
The |most |important |medication |for |HIV/ |AIDS |is?
Zidovudine |(AZT, |Retrovir)
Which |isolation |precautions |are |used |with |HIV?
,Universal |precautions, |patients |do |not |have |to |tell |you |they |have |HIV, |treat |everyone |as |if |they
|are |INFECTED!
How |do |the |precautions |change |with |AIDS?
If |the |client |has |a |low |CD4 |count |and |is |at |risk |for |opportunistic |infection |implement |private |
room, |reverse |isolation, |RN |wears |gown, |goggles, |and |mask |when |in |direct |contact |with |blood |
or |body |fluids.
What |are |teaching |points |for |parents |who |have |a |child |with |HIV
clean |up |body |fluid/blood |with |a |10:1 |water/bleach |ratio
get |all |immunizations |except |MMR, |Varicella |and |oral |poliovirus(live |vaccines)
High |Calorie |High |protein |diet
gloves |when |changing |diapers.
What |is |the |definition |of |ACUTE |RENAL |FAILURE?(ARF)
Sudden |loss |of |kidney |function |to |excrete |toxins |and |regulate |fluids/electrolytes
What |are |some |possible |causes |of |ARF?
Infection, |obstruction, |shock
What |are |the |three |phases |of |ARF
Oliguric, |diuretic, |recovery
During |the |Oliguric |phase |what |will |you |see?
This |phase |lasts |one |to |two |weeks.
Low |urine |output |<400
hyperkalemia, |hypertension, |elevated |BUN/creatinine
fluid |overload
What |other |two |electrolytes |will |be |elevated |in |the |oliguric |phase |of |ARF?
Sodium |and |potassium
The |diuretic |phase |is |second |in |ARF |what |will |you |see?
Urine |output |slowly |returns, |hypokalemia, |hypotension, |BUN/creatinine |decreases |but |still |
elevated.
What |does |recovery |phase |mean?
Kidneys |are |recovering |through |a |slow |process, |urine |vl |& |BUN |is |normal
, What |are |nursing |interventions? |ARF
Daily |weights |strict |I |and |O |treat |the |causes |of |renal |failure |and |diuretics
What |is |the |best |diet |for |a |client |with |ARF?
High |carb |& |low |protein
Clients |allergic |to |latex |may |also |be |allergic |to |which |foods?
bananas, |kiwi, |chestnuts
What |standard |hospital |equipment |contains |latex?
Blood |pressure |cuffs, |gloves, |stethoscopes, |tourniquets, |band |aids, |and |indwelling |catheters
What |allergy |is |contraindicated |for |IV |contrast |dye?
iodine/shellfish |allergy
What |are |the |major |complications |of |having |an |amputation |performed?
Infections, |skin |breakdown, |phantom |limb |pain, |joint |contractures
what |is |the |positioning |for |post |op |care? |AKA |(above |the |knee) |amputation
Elevate |first |24 |hours, |then |prone |position |twice |daily |to |prevent |hip |flexion
What |is |the |positioning |for |post |op |care |BKA(below |the |knee) |amputation
elevate |foot |of |bed |first |24 |hours, |then |prone |position |twice |daily |to |prevent |hip |flexion
What |should |you |encourage |with |an |amputation?
Expressing |feelings |about |lost |limb
Pain |felt |in |an |area |that |has |been |amputated
Pain |felt |in |an |area |that |has |been |amputated
True |or |False? |An |aneurysm |is |a |dilation |formed |at |a |weak |point |on |the |wall |of |an |artery
True
What |are |the |symptoms |of |aneurysms |inside |the |body?
most |aneurysms |inside |the |body |have |NO |symptoms
what |sound |would |be |heard |on |auscultation |of |an |aneurysm
blowing |bruit
