Respiratory and cardiac function
A persons life is in danger when which two
vital functions have ceased or are about to
cease?
What is the ABC sequence of basic life Airway aimed at restoring breathing and blood circulation
support?
30 to 2
What is the ratio of chest compressions to
rescue breaths?
100
How many chest compressions per minute
is the goal in CPR?
If the pupils narrow when exposed to light That the brain is receiving adequate blood and oxygen
what is this a sign of?
If the pupils remain widely dilated and do Serious brain damage is imminent or has occurred
not react to light what does this mean?
During CPR when do you check the carotid After the first minute of compression/rescue breathing and every five minutes there
pulse? after
When would you not start chest - If the patient shows any evidence of a heartbeat or pulse
compressions on a patient?
You could tear the liver and cause severe internal bleeding
Why do you not exert pressure on the
lower tip of the sternum when giving chest
compressions?
4 to 5
When performing the Heimlich maneuver
how many inward and upward thrusts do
you give at a time?
- Cut the rope and lay the patient on a firm, flat surface
- If breathing has stopped start CPR
What steps do you take in case of hanging - Give oxygen, 6 L per minute, using a non-rebreathing mask
or strangulation?
- Seek medical advice
- where is the bleeding coming from?
- What effect is the bleeding having on the patient?
When treating bleeding what are the key
questions? - What can be done to stop the bleeding?
Above the level of the heart
When treating a bleeding wound, how high
should you elevate the limb if bleeding is
from the arm or leg?
10 minutes
How long does it take for the blood clotting
process to produce a stable plug that stops
the bleeding?
RICE:
Rest
Ice
Compression
What is the basis of treatment of joint and Elevation
muscle injuries?
Plus pain relief
How long should the injured joint or muscle Until it can be used without pain
be rested?
, 15 to 20 minutes four times daily, for the first 48 hours or until the injury heals
How long and how often should you apply
ice after an injury to a muscle or joint?
Ibuprofen, 400 mg orally, every six hours
With an injury to bone joint or muscle if the
patient does not have a fracture what
medication can you give for pain?
-Tramadol 50 to 100 mg three times a day
In the case of a fracture to relieve pain
what medications can you give? - Morphine 10 to 20 mg orally every 3 to 4 hours for the first three days
What is a strain or sprain? An injury in which a tendon or ligament is partly or completely torn
What is a tendon? The cord that attaches muscle to bone
What is a ligament? The cord that holds bones together
Carbon dioxide extinguisher
When putting out a fire on a casualty what
type of fire extinguisher should not be
used?
- How deeply does the burn go into the skin?
What are the most important questions to
consider in a burn injury? - How extensive is the area of skin affected by the burn?
If the patient
-has any other injury; or
-is a baby or a child or older than 50; or
-has a burn on the face, hand, foot, groin, genitals, or anus; or
When should you not treat a burn patient
on board? -has a burn lying across a large joint; or
-has a burn going all the way around a limb
What is The most severe form of Heat stroke
hyperthermia?
- Muscle shivering
-muscle contraction during strenuous physical work
-The chemical processes of the body's cells (metabolism)
Which mechanisms of the body help it to
preserve or gain heat? -narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels in the skin which reduces loss of blood
heat from the body surface
- Core temperature over 40.5°C
-altered mental function
-skin warm and pink, and typically dry
-rapid pulse rate
What are the signs and symptoms of heat
stroke? -rapid respiratory rate
-dry cough in some cases
True or false, you should give antifever False
medicines to heat stroke patients
A persons life is in danger when which two
vital functions have ceased or are about to
cease?
What is the ABC sequence of basic life Airway aimed at restoring breathing and blood circulation
support?
30 to 2
What is the ratio of chest compressions to
rescue breaths?
100
How many chest compressions per minute
is the goal in CPR?
If the pupils narrow when exposed to light That the brain is receiving adequate blood and oxygen
what is this a sign of?
If the pupils remain widely dilated and do Serious brain damage is imminent or has occurred
not react to light what does this mean?
During CPR when do you check the carotid After the first minute of compression/rescue breathing and every five minutes there
pulse? after
When would you not start chest - If the patient shows any evidence of a heartbeat or pulse
compressions on a patient?
You could tear the liver and cause severe internal bleeding
Why do you not exert pressure on the
lower tip of the sternum when giving chest
compressions?
4 to 5
When performing the Heimlich maneuver
how many inward and upward thrusts do
you give at a time?
- Cut the rope and lay the patient on a firm, flat surface
- If breathing has stopped start CPR
What steps do you take in case of hanging - Give oxygen, 6 L per minute, using a non-rebreathing mask
or strangulation?
- Seek medical advice
- where is the bleeding coming from?
- What effect is the bleeding having on the patient?
When treating bleeding what are the key
questions? - What can be done to stop the bleeding?
Above the level of the heart
When treating a bleeding wound, how high
should you elevate the limb if bleeding is
from the arm or leg?
10 minutes
How long does it take for the blood clotting
process to produce a stable plug that stops
the bleeding?
RICE:
Rest
Ice
Compression
What is the basis of treatment of joint and Elevation
muscle injuries?
Plus pain relief
How long should the injured joint or muscle Until it can be used without pain
be rested?
, 15 to 20 minutes four times daily, for the first 48 hours or until the injury heals
How long and how often should you apply
ice after an injury to a muscle or joint?
Ibuprofen, 400 mg orally, every six hours
With an injury to bone joint or muscle if the
patient does not have a fracture what
medication can you give for pain?
-Tramadol 50 to 100 mg three times a day
In the case of a fracture to relieve pain
what medications can you give? - Morphine 10 to 20 mg orally every 3 to 4 hours for the first three days
What is a strain or sprain? An injury in which a tendon or ligament is partly or completely torn
What is a tendon? The cord that attaches muscle to bone
What is a ligament? The cord that holds bones together
Carbon dioxide extinguisher
When putting out a fire on a casualty what
type of fire extinguisher should not be
used?
- How deeply does the burn go into the skin?
What are the most important questions to
consider in a burn injury? - How extensive is the area of skin affected by the burn?
If the patient
-has any other injury; or
-is a baby or a child or older than 50; or
-has a burn on the face, hand, foot, groin, genitals, or anus; or
When should you not treat a burn patient
on board? -has a burn lying across a large joint; or
-has a burn going all the way around a limb
What is The most severe form of Heat stroke
hyperthermia?
- Muscle shivering
-muscle contraction during strenuous physical work
-The chemical processes of the body's cells (metabolism)
Which mechanisms of the body help it to
preserve or gain heat? -narrowing (constriction) of blood vessels in the skin which reduces loss of blood
heat from the body surface
- Core temperature over 40.5°C
-altered mental function
-skin warm and pink, and typically dry
-rapid pulse rate
What are the signs and symptoms of heat
stroke? -rapid respiratory rate
-dry cough in some cases
True or false, you should give antifever False
medicines to heat stroke patients
