BIO 253 Exam 2 – Questions & Detailed
Solutions
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Terms in this set (202)
- Sensory = impulse to CNS
Nervous system - Motor = impulse away from CNS
- Integration = interpret impulse
- Brain
- Spinal cord
Central (CNS)
- Controls sensation, perception, movement,
thinking
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves
Peripheral (PNS)
- Ganglia
- Connects CNS to the rest of the body
- Neurons
Cells of CNS
- Neuroglia
- CNS
- Functional cells
Neurons
- Respond quickly to changes
- Conduct electrical impulses via neurotransmitters
- Cell body
Parts of neuron - Axon
- Dendrites
- Cone shaped
Axon hillock
- Impulse begins
Located at the end of axon that
secretes/stores
Synaptic knob
neurotransmitter
, - CNS
Neuroglia - Supporting cells
- Protect, support, insulate, nourish neurons
- Receptor
- Sensory neuron
Reflex arc - Interneuron
- Motor neuron
- Effector
Where are receptors of - Skin
the reflex arc located? - Every part of the body
What do sensory neurons Carry impulses to spinal cord
do?
What do interneurons Connect sensory & motor neurons
do?
- PNS
Somatic (SNS) - Voluntary, sensory, motor
- Skeletal muscle, skin
- PNS
Autonomic (ANS) - Involuntary
- Smooth & cardiac muscle, glands (viscera)
- Sympathetic
Divisions of ANS
- Parasympathetic
- Fight or flight
- Stressful, emergency situation
Sympathetic division - Speeds body up
- Preganglionic short because starts at spinal cord,
postganglionic long because goes directly to organ
- Rest & digest
Parasympathetic division - Non-stressful situations
- Slows body down
Preganglionic fibers of - Short
the sympathetic division - Release ACh
, Preganglionic fibers of - Long
the parasympathetic - Release ACh
division
Postganglionic fibers of - Long
the sympathetic division - Release Norepinephrine
Postganglionic fibers of - Short
the parasympathetic - Release ACh
division
Sympathetic division - ACh
secretes - Norepinephrine
Parasympathetic division ACh
secretes
- PNS
Schwann cells - Only on axon
- Produces myelin
- Allows impulses to jump increasing speed
Myelin - Needed to send impulses to peripherals
- Found on axon
- PNS
Satellite cells
- Supports cluster of neuron cell bodies (ganglia)
- Most common
Multipolar neurons
- Many dendrites & processes
- 1 axon, 1 dendrite, 2 processes
Bipolar neurons - Special senses
- Eyes, ears, nose
- 1 process, axon & dendrite fuse
Unipolar neurons
- Sensory
- Afferent
- Mostly unipolar
Sensory neurons - Some bipolar
- Impulses to CNS
- Carried to the brain
Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (202)
- Sensory = impulse to CNS
Nervous system - Motor = impulse away from CNS
- Integration = interpret impulse
- Brain
- Spinal cord
Central (CNS)
- Controls sensation, perception, movement,
thinking
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves
Peripheral (PNS)
- Ganglia
- Connects CNS to the rest of the body
- Neurons
Cells of CNS
- Neuroglia
- CNS
- Functional cells
Neurons
- Respond quickly to changes
- Conduct electrical impulses via neurotransmitters
- Cell body
Parts of neuron - Axon
- Dendrites
- Cone shaped
Axon hillock
- Impulse begins
Located at the end of axon that
secretes/stores
Synaptic knob
neurotransmitter
, - CNS
Neuroglia - Supporting cells
- Protect, support, insulate, nourish neurons
- Receptor
- Sensory neuron
Reflex arc - Interneuron
- Motor neuron
- Effector
Where are receptors of - Skin
the reflex arc located? - Every part of the body
What do sensory neurons Carry impulses to spinal cord
do?
What do interneurons Connect sensory & motor neurons
do?
- PNS
Somatic (SNS) - Voluntary, sensory, motor
- Skeletal muscle, skin
- PNS
Autonomic (ANS) - Involuntary
- Smooth & cardiac muscle, glands (viscera)
- Sympathetic
Divisions of ANS
- Parasympathetic
- Fight or flight
- Stressful, emergency situation
Sympathetic division - Speeds body up
- Preganglionic short because starts at spinal cord,
postganglionic long because goes directly to organ
- Rest & digest
Parasympathetic division - Non-stressful situations
- Slows body down
Preganglionic fibers of - Short
the sympathetic division - Release ACh
, Preganglionic fibers of - Long
the parasympathetic - Release ACh
division
Postganglionic fibers of - Long
the sympathetic division - Release Norepinephrine
Postganglionic fibers of - Short
the parasympathetic - Release ACh
division
Sympathetic division - ACh
secretes - Norepinephrine
Parasympathetic division ACh
secretes
- PNS
Schwann cells - Only on axon
- Produces myelin
- Allows impulses to jump increasing speed
Myelin - Needed to send impulses to peripherals
- Found on axon
- PNS
Satellite cells
- Supports cluster of neuron cell bodies (ganglia)
- Most common
Multipolar neurons
- Many dendrites & processes
- 1 axon, 1 dendrite, 2 processes
Bipolar neurons - Special senses
- Eyes, ears, nose
- 1 process, axon & dendrite fuse
Unipolar neurons
- Sensory
- Afferent
- Mostly unipolar
Sensory neurons - Some bipolar
- Impulses to CNS
- Carried to the brain
