CHEM 123 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE ANSWERS A+ GRADED

CHEM 123 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ACCURATE
ANSWERS A+ GRADED



Hybridization for 2 repelling groups - ANSWER sp




Hybridization for 3 repelling groups - ANSWER sp²




Hybridization for 4 repelling groups - ANSWER sp³




Hybridization for 5 repelling groups - ANSWER sp³d




Hybridization for 6 repelling groups - ANSWER sp³d²




Single bonds - ANSWER - sigma bonds

- rotational symmetry about the internuclear axis

- high amount of overlap

- strong

- electron density in nuclei




Multiple bonds - ANSWER - pi bond

- lower overlap

,- weaker bond

- electron density is above

- much more reactive




Antibonding - ANSWER destructive, destabilizes molecule




Non bonding - ANSWER non interactive




Bonding - ANSWER constructive, stabilizes




MO Bond order - ANSWER 1/2(# bonding e - # antibonding e)

- 0 = not stable

- 1 = single bond

- 2 = double bond




Delocalize MO - ANSWER - compounds described by resonance

- lowest bonding molecular orbital is usually delocalized




Periodic trends - ANSWER -extremes of periodic table are highly reactive, because they are
closer to noble gas configuration

- move from left to right, atoms get smaller, attraction for e increases, usually IE is the same

, (higher)

- atom gets bigger as you go down




Ionics compounds - ANSWER - formed between metal and non metal




Forces between ions - ANSWER - ions with opposite charge

- strong forces for higher charges and smaller ions




Covalent compound - ANSWER - formed between 2 non metals sharing electrons




Lewis structures rules - ANSWER C - 4

H-1

O-2

N-3

Group 7 - 1

1. Draw skeleton

2. Count # of valence electrons including charge

3. Deduct 2 e from each bond

4. Distribute remaining electrons to give all atoms an octet




Bond lengths - ANSWER - Distance between 2 bonded atoms