EARTH 122 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% SOLVED
Groundfish - ANSWER fish that live or feed along the bottom
Exclusive Economic Zone - ANSWER legal right to waters 200 nautical miles from shore
Ocean water - ANSWER 96.5% water, 3.5% salt by mass
Ocean water structure - ANSWER Ocean water is vertically structured
- Heavier (colder saltier) water sinks
Thermocline - ANSWER below surface water, temperature decreases rapidly with depth
Halocline - ANSWER salinity changes with increasing depth
Pycnocline - ANSWER Below the surface zone
Deep Zone - ANSWER below the pycnocline
Upwelling - ANSWER The vertical flow of cold, deep water towards the surface
,Downwelling - ANSWER oxygen-rich water sinks where surface currents come together
El Nino - ANSWER - Equatorial winds weaken
- Warm water flows eastward and suppresses upwellings
- Alter weather worldwide
- Canada abnormally warm and dry
La nina - ANSWER Opposite to El Nino
- Weather: Canada abnormally cool and wet
Bathymetry - ANSWER the measurement of ocean depths
Topography - ANSWER The physical geography or the shape and arrangement of landforms
Continental shelves - ANSWER gently sloping areans that underlie the shallow waters
bordering continents
Continental slope - ANSWER connnects the continental shelf to the ocean floor
Abyssal plain - ANSWER flat bottom of the deep ocean
,Photic zone - ANSWER well-lighted top layer that supports high primary productivity
Pelagic - ANSWER habitats and ecosystems occuring between the ocean's surface and floor
Benthic - ANSWER Habitats and ecosystems occurring on the ocean floor
Kelp - ANSWER large, dense, brown algae growing from the floor of continental shelves
Corals reef - ANSWER A mass of calcium carbonate composed of the skeletons of corals
Corals - ANSWER Tiny colonial marine organisms
Coral bleaching - ANSWER Occrus when zooxanthellae leave the coral
Intertidal (littoral) ecosystems - ANSWER where the ocean meets the land
Tides - ANSWER periodic rising and falling of the ocean's height due to gravitational pull of
the sun and moon
Salt marsh - ANSWER occur along coasts at temperate latitude
, Mangroves - ANSWER tree with unique roots
Estuaries - ANSWER water bodies where rivers flow into the ocean
Methane hydrate - ANSWER a potential energy source
- ice-like solid methane embedded in water crystals
Ocean acidification - ANSWER Decrease in pH (more acidic) of ocean water
Algal bloom - ANSWER Nutrients increase populations of algae that produce powerful toxins
Red tide - ANSWER blooms of algal species that produce reddish pigments and discolor water
Driftnets - ANSWER for schools of herring, sardines, marckerel, sharks
Longline - ANSWER fishing for tuna and swordfish
Bottom-trawling - ANSWER for pelagic fish and groundfish
By-catch - ANSWER The accidental capture of animals
100% SOLVED
Groundfish - ANSWER fish that live or feed along the bottom
Exclusive Economic Zone - ANSWER legal right to waters 200 nautical miles from shore
Ocean water - ANSWER 96.5% water, 3.5% salt by mass
Ocean water structure - ANSWER Ocean water is vertically structured
- Heavier (colder saltier) water sinks
Thermocline - ANSWER below surface water, temperature decreases rapidly with depth
Halocline - ANSWER salinity changes with increasing depth
Pycnocline - ANSWER Below the surface zone
Deep Zone - ANSWER below the pycnocline
Upwelling - ANSWER The vertical flow of cold, deep water towards the surface
,Downwelling - ANSWER oxygen-rich water sinks where surface currents come together
El Nino - ANSWER - Equatorial winds weaken
- Warm water flows eastward and suppresses upwellings
- Alter weather worldwide
- Canada abnormally warm and dry
La nina - ANSWER Opposite to El Nino
- Weather: Canada abnormally cool and wet
Bathymetry - ANSWER the measurement of ocean depths
Topography - ANSWER The physical geography or the shape and arrangement of landforms
Continental shelves - ANSWER gently sloping areans that underlie the shallow waters
bordering continents
Continental slope - ANSWER connnects the continental shelf to the ocean floor
Abyssal plain - ANSWER flat bottom of the deep ocean
,Photic zone - ANSWER well-lighted top layer that supports high primary productivity
Pelagic - ANSWER habitats and ecosystems occuring between the ocean's surface and floor
Benthic - ANSWER Habitats and ecosystems occurring on the ocean floor
Kelp - ANSWER large, dense, brown algae growing from the floor of continental shelves
Corals reef - ANSWER A mass of calcium carbonate composed of the skeletons of corals
Corals - ANSWER Tiny colonial marine organisms
Coral bleaching - ANSWER Occrus when zooxanthellae leave the coral
Intertidal (littoral) ecosystems - ANSWER where the ocean meets the land
Tides - ANSWER periodic rising and falling of the ocean's height due to gravitational pull of
the sun and moon
Salt marsh - ANSWER occur along coasts at temperate latitude
, Mangroves - ANSWER tree with unique roots
Estuaries - ANSWER water bodies where rivers flow into the ocean
Methane hydrate - ANSWER a potential energy source
- ice-like solid methane embedded in water crystals
Ocean acidification - ANSWER Decrease in pH (more acidic) of ocean water
Algal bloom - ANSWER Nutrients increase populations of algae that produce powerful toxins
Red tide - ANSWER blooms of algal species that produce reddish pigments and discolor water
Driftnets - ANSWER for schools of herring, sardines, marckerel, sharks
Longline - ANSWER fishing for tuna and swordfish
Bottom-trawling - ANSWER for pelagic fish and groundfish
By-catch - ANSWER The accidental capture of animals
