BIODIVERSITY BROOKS.pdf

BIODIVERSITY BROOKS, BROOKS
BIODIVERSITY UNIT 3 EXAM




Phyluma2Poriferaa2-a2ans✔Sponges
Parazoans-poorlya2defineda2tissues

Metazoaa2-a2ans✔multicellulara2animals

Phyluma2Porifera-a2Generala2characteristicsa2-a2ans✔Sponges
-a2Sessilea2
a2-a2Filtera2watera2througha2canala2systema2
-a2Mostlya2marine

Phyluma2Poriferaa2(sponges)-a2bodya2plansa2-a2ans✔bodya2plansa2

-a2Asconoid-bodya2bag
a2-Syconoid-bodya2walla2forms
-a2Leuconoid-mosta2complicated

Asconoida2-a2ans✔Spongea2bodya2plan
Baga2shape
mosta2simple

Phyluma2Poriferaa2(sponges)-a2Generala2morphologya2-a2ans✔-Bodya2layers
a2-a2Outer:
a2-a2Porocytes
a2-a2Myocytes


-a2Middlea2(Mesohyl)a2
-Spicules
-a2Spongin
-a2Amoebocytes
-a2Collencytes
a2
-a2Inner
"Choanocytes"

,Phyluma2Poriferaa2(sponges)-outera2bodya2layersa2-a2ans✔-
a2Porocytes:a2specializeda2porea2cells
a2-a2Myocytes:a2muscle-likea2cells


Phyluma2Poriferaa2(sponges)-middlea2bodya2layersa2-a2ans✔-
Spicules:a2providea2support
-a2Spongin:a2proteina2compounda2thata2givesa2spongya2feel
-a2Amoebocytes:a2similara2toa2stema2cellsa2thata2producea2spiculesa2anda2spongin
-a2Collencytes(nerve-
likea2cells):a2usefula2fora2structure.a2looka2likea2neuronsa2anda2believea2toa2havea2aa2pre
cursora2toa2aa2nervousa2system

Collencytesa2-a2ans✔Phyluma2Poriferaa2(sponges)-middlea2bodya2layer
(nerve-
likea2cells):a2usefula2fora2structure.a2looka2likea2neuronsa2anda2believea2toa2havea2aa2pre
cursora2toa2aa2nervousa2system

Doa2spongesa2havea2aa2nervousa2system?a2-a2ans✔No

Phyluma2Poriferaa2(sponges)-innera2bodya2layersa2-a2ans✔"Choanocytes":a2
cellsa2thata2cana2trapa2particlesa2anda2watera2intoa2thea2cell.a2-
Morphologicallya2similara2toa2thea2choanoflagellate.

Doa2spongesa2havea2muscles?a2-a2ans✔No

namea2ofa2middlea2bodya2layera2ofa2sponge?a2-a2ans✔mesohyl

Whata2cana2spiculesa2bea2madea2of?a2-a2ans✔calciuma2carbonatea2ora2silicaa2dioxide

Spongea2Reproductiona2Asexuala2-a2ans✔-Regeneration:a2growa2intoa2morea2ofa2itselfa2
-Budding:a2aa2piecea2cana2breaka2awaya2anda2regrowa2somewherea2elsea2
-Gemmules:a2sporea2likea2structure,a2thata2allowsa2thema2toa2survivea2thea2drya2periods.

Spongea2Reproductiona2sexuala2-a2ans✔-a2Dioecious:a2Separatea2sexesa2
-a2Monoeciousa2(hermaphrodites):a2Sperma2anda2egga2ona2onea2organisma2
usea2thea2watera2columna2fora2fertilization

area2spongesa2dioeciousa2ora2monoecious?a2-a2ans✔Both

Spongea2Classificationa2-a2ans✔Classa2Calcarea
Classa2Hexactinellida:a2Glassa2sponges
Classa2Demospongiae-mosta2species
Classa2Sclerospongiae-rarea2spongea2founda2ina2cavesa2ofa2corala2reefs

,Classa2Calcareaa2-a2ans✔Phyluma2Poriferaa2(sponges)

Classa2Hexactinellida:a2Glassa2spongesa2-a2ans✔Phyluma2Poriferaa2(sponges)

Classa2Demospongiae-mosta2speciesa2-a2ans✔Phyluma2Poriferaa2(sponges)

Classa2Sclerospongiae-rarea2spongea2founda2ina2cavesa2ofa2corala2reefsa2-
a2ans✔Phyluma2Poriferaa2(sponges)


Phyluma2Cnidariaa2-a2ans✔Brancha2Eumetazoaa2(truea2tissues)
Gradea2Radiata
twoa2truea2tissuea2layers

Phyluma2Cnidaria-generala2characteristicsa2-a2ans✔-a2Moutha2w/tentaclesa2
-a2Noa2anus,a2buta2hasa2guta2(incompletea2GIa2tract):a2regurgitatea2theira2food
-a2Cnidae
-a2Diploblastica2w/organs:a2Epidermisa2&a2gastrodermis

Noa2anus,a2buta2hasa2guta2(incompletea2GIa2tract):a2regurgitatea2theira2fooda2-
a2ans✔Phyluma2Cnidaria


Cnidaea2ina2Cnidariaa2-a2ans✔Nematocyst:a2Mosta2significant.a2
threada2witha2toxina2everteda2
Spirocyst:a2Elongateda2threada2fora2adhesion
Ptychocyst:a2substancea2useda2toa2constructa2tubea2fora2borrowinga2seaa2anemones

Nematocysta2-a2ans✔Phyluma2Cnidaria
Mosta2significant.a2
threada2witha2toxina2everted

Spirocysta2-a2ans✔Phyluma2Cnidaria
Elongateda2threada2fora2adhesion

Ptychocysta2-a2ans✔Phyluma2Cnidaria
substancea2useda2toa2constructa2tubea2fora2borrowinga2seaa2anemones

Whata2isa2thea2jellya2aspecta2ofa2Phyluma2Cnidaria?a2-a2ans✔Mesoglea

Mesogleaa2-a2ans✔Jellya2likea2bodya2layera2ona2thea2jellyfish

Cnidariansa2havea2threea2bodya2layers?a2-a2ans✔Truea2
Epidermis
Mesoglea
Gastrodermis

, Cnidariansa2havea2twoa2tissuea2layers?a2-a2ans✔True
Epidermisa2
Gastrodermis

Phyluma2Cnidaria-Generala2morphologya2-a2ans✔"Polyp"-sedentarya2(sessile)a2
a2"Medusa"-mobile


lifea2cyclea2ofa2Cnidarians-metagenesisa2-
a2ans✔superficially,a2thisa2mighta2resemblea2alternationa2ofa2generationsa2ina2plants.a2H
owever,a2metagenesisa2doesa2nota2involvea2twoa2typesa2ofa2individualsa2witha2differenta2
ploidy.a2Instead,a2cnidariansa2typicallya2(buta2nota2always)a2alternatea2betweena2aa2diplo
ida2polypa2anda2diploida2medusa.a2Becausea2medusaea2area2morea2motile,a2theya2usuall
ya2producea2gametesa2viaa2meiosis.a2Thea2polypa2isa2morea2sedentarya2ora2sessile,a2but
a2typicallya2reproducesa2asexuallya2viaa2mitosis.


Cnidariaa2Nervousa2Systema2-a2ans✔Nervea2neta2
Cnidariansa2havea2onea2ofa2thea2earliesta2knowna2nervousa2systemsa2ina2thea2forma2ofa2
networka2ofa2neuronsa2witha2ganglia.a2However,a2cephalizationa2(concentrationa2ofa2neu
ronsa2creatinga2thea2heada2ora2brain)a2doesa2nota2occur.

Cnidariana2Classificationa2-a2ans✔-a2Classa2Hydrozoa
-a2Classa2Scyphozoa
-a2Classa2Anthozoa

Classa2Hydrozoaa2-a2ans✔Phyluma2Cnidaria

Classa2Scyphozoaa2-a2ans✔Phyluma2Cnidaria

Classa2Anthozoaa2-a2ans✔Phyluma2Cnidaria

Classa2Hydrozoaa2(Phyluma2Cnidaria)a2Dominance?a2-
a2ans✔Dominanta2forma2isa2Polyp


Classa2Scyphozoaa2(Phyluma2Cnidaria)a2Dominance?a2-
a2ans✔Dominanta2forma2isa2thea2medusa


Classa2Anthozoaa2(Phyluma2Cnidaria)a2Dominance?a2-a2ans✔Onlya2Polyps

Classa2Hydrozoaa2(Phyluma2Cnidaria)a2-a2ans✔-a2Medusoida2ora2Polypoid<-
-"Hydromedusae"-small
a2-a2Polymorphism:
a2-a2Gastrozooid-tentaclesa2fora2feeding
a2-a2Gonozooida2(gonangium):a2tentaclesa2fora2reproductiona2
-a2Dactylozooid:a2Entirelya2tentaclesa2asa2weaponsa2