PNM300 test 3 Questions AND Correct Answers
A 48-year-old male patient is diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and is started on biguanide
metformin (Glucophage®). He asks the nurse why he needs this drug. The nurse's best explanation of
the purpose of the metformin is that it
a. increases the pancreatic secretion of insulin.
b. decreases glucose production by the liver.
c. increases intestinal absorption of glucose.
d. decreases the pancreatic secretion of insulin. - ✔✔B.
Metformin works by decreasing glucose production by the liver. It may also decrease intestinal
absorption of glucose and improve insulin receptor sensitivity. This results in increased peripheral
glucose uptake and use and in decreased liver production of triglycerides and cholesterol.
A 75-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus has recently been placed on glyburide (DiaBeta®) 10
mg daily. When is the best time to take this medication?
a. At night.
b. With breakfast.
c. After the midday meal.
d. Any time of day - ✔✔B. w/ food to prevent hypoglycemia
A gardener needs a decongestant because of seasonal allergy problems. Which is a benefit of orally
administered decongestants?
a. Onset is immediate.
b. The effect is more potent.
c. Rebound congestion is almost nonexistent.
d. The adverse effects of restlessness and nervousness are reduced. - ✔✔C.
A patient has been advised to add a nasal spray (an adrenergic decongestant) to treat a cold. What
should the nurse tell the patient in regard to the nasal spray?
a. Expect the spray's effects to be delayed for at least 1 week.
b. Limit the use of the spray to 3 to 5 days.
c. Continue using the spray until the nasal stuffiness has resolved.
,d. Avoid using the spray if a fever develops. - ✔✔B.
Frequent, long-term, or excessive use of nasal decongestants may lead to rebound congestion if they are
used beyond the recommended time period.
A patient has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism and has started thyroid replacement therapy with
levothyroxine (Synthroid®). After 1 week, the patient tells the nurse that she feels no better. The nurse
would best tell the patient that
a. she will probably require surgery for a cure.
b. levothyroxine does not reach its peak effect for several months.
c. she probably did not take her medication as instructed.
d. her diet may be causing absorption problems. - ✔✔B.
The therapeutic effects of thyroid drugs may take several months to occur.
A patient has been diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism.
Which statement accurately describes this condition?
a. The hypothalamus is not secreting thyrotropin-releasing hormone; therefore, thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) is not released from the pituitary gland.
b. The pituitary gland is dysfunctional and is not secreting TSH.
c. The abnormality is in the thyroid gland itself.
d. The abnormality is caused by an excess intake of iodine. - ✔✔C.
Primary hypothyroidism stems from an abnormality in the thyroid gland itself and occurs when the
thyroid gland is not able to perform one of its many functions.
A patient has been prescribed a rapid-acting insulin, such as insulin lispro. What important information
should the nurse give this patient about taking this type of insulin?
a. It should be taken within 15 minutes of beginning a meal.
b. It should be taken after the meal.
c. Dosing is once daily at the midday meal.
d. It is taken only in the evenings with a snack before bedtime - ✔✔A.
, A patient has been prescribed a respiratory corticosteriod medication. What should the nurse tell this
patient about the proper method for taking this medication?
a. Rinsing of the mouth after using the inhaler is recommended.
b. The tubings and mouthpieces should be cleaned with only hot water.
c. The medication is to be inhaled deeply, with the head tipped backward to maximize opening of the
airway.
d. After taking an inhaler medication, the patient should remove the inhaler and hold the breath for at
least 20 seconds. - ✔✔A.
Rinsing of the mouth after using an inhaler or nebulizer is recommended in order to prevent fungal
infections.
A patient has been taking levothyroxine (Synthroid) for more than a decade for primary hypothyroidism.
She tells the nurse that her cousin can get her the same medication in a generic form from a
pharmaceutical supply company. What would be best for the nurse to say to the patient?
a. "That would be a great way to save money."
b. "There's no difference in brands of this medication."
c. "Switching the form of medication should never be done; once you start with a certain brand, you
must stay with it."
d. "It's better not to switch brands until we check with your doctor." - ✔✔D.
Switching between different brands of levothyroxine during treatment can destabilize the course of
treatment and should be minimized. If a switch is made, the patient should be closely monitored.
A patient has prescriptions for two inhalers. One inhaler is a bronchodilator; the other is a
corticosteroid. Which instruction should the nurse give the patient regarding these inhalers?
a. The corticosteroid should be taken first.
b. The bronchodilator should be taken first.
c. The two drugs should be taken at least 2 hours apart.
d. The order of administration does not matter with these two drugs. - ✔✔B.
OPEN AIRWAYS FIRST!
A 48-year-old male patient is diagnosed with metabolic syndrome and is started on biguanide
metformin (Glucophage®). He asks the nurse why he needs this drug. The nurse's best explanation of
the purpose of the metformin is that it
a. increases the pancreatic secretion of insulin.
b. decreases glucose production by the liver.
c. increases intestinal absorption of glucose.
d. decreases the pancreatic secretion of insulin. - ✔✔B.
Metformin works by decreasing glucose production by the liver. It may also decrease intestinal
absorption of glucose and improve insulin receptor sensitivity. This results in increased peripheral
glucose uptake and use and in decreased liver production of triglycerides and cholesterol.
A 75-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus has recently been placed on glyburide (DiaBeta®) 10
mg daily. When is the best time to take this medication?
a. At night.
b. With breakfast.
c. After the midday meal.
d. Any time of day - ✔✔B. w/ food to prevent hypoglycemia
A gardener needs a decongestant because of seasonal allergy problems. Which is a benefit of orally
administered decongestants?
a. Onset is immediate.
b. The effect is more potent.
c. Rebound congestion is almost nonexistent.
d. The adverse effects of restlessness and nervousness are reduced. - ✔✔C.
A patient has been advised to add a nasal spray (an adrenergic decongestant) to treat a cold. What
should the nurse tell the patient in regard to the nasal spray?
a. Expect the spray's effects to be delayed for at least 1 week.
b. Limit the use of the spray to 3 to 5 days.
c. Continue using the spray until the nasal stuffiness has resolved.
,d. Avoid using the spray if a fever develops. - ✔✔B.
Frequent, long-term, or excessive use of nasal decongestants may lead to rebound congestion if they are
used beyond the recommended time period.
A patient has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism and has started thyroid replacement therapy with
levothyroxine (Synthroid®). After 1 week, the patient tells the nurse that she feels no better. The nurse
would best tell the patient that
a. she will probably require surgery for a cure.
b. levothyroxine does not reach its peak effect for several months.
c. she probably did not take her medication as instructed.
d. her diet may be causing absorption problems. - ✔✔B.
The therapeutic effects of thyroid drugs may take several months to occur.
A patient has been diagnosed with primary hypothyroidism.
Which statement accurately describes this condition?
a. The hypothalamus is not secreting thyrotropin-releasing hormone; therefore, thyroid-stimulating
hormone (TSH) is not released from the pituitary gland.
b. The pituitary gland is dysfunctional and is not secreting TSH.
c. The abnormality is in the thyroid gland itself.
d. The abnormality is caused by an excess intake of iodine. - ✔✔C.
Primary hypothyroidism stems from an abnormality in the thyroid gland itself and occurs when the
thyroid gland is not able to perform one of its many functions.
A patient has been prescribed a rapid-acting insulin, such as insulin lispro. What important information
should the nurse give this patient about taking this type of insulin?
a. It should be taken within 15 minutes of beginning a meal.
b. It should be taken after the meal.
c. Dosing is once daily at the midday meal.
d. It is taken only in the evenings with a snack before bedtime - ✔✔A.
, A patient has been prescribed a respiratory corticosteriod medication. What should the nurse tell this
patient about the proper method for taking this medication?
a. Rinsing of the mouth after using the inhaler is recommended.
b. The tubings and mouthpieces should be cleaned with only hot water.
c. The medication is to be inhaled deeply, with the head tipped backward to maximize opening of the
airway.
d. After taking an inhaler medication, the patient should remove the inhaler and hold the breath for at
least 20 seconds. - ✔✔A.
Rinsing of the mouth after using an inhaler or nebulizer is recommended in order to prevent fungal
infections.
A patient has been taking levothyroxine (Synthroid) for more than a decade for primary hypothyroidism.
She tells the nurse that her cousin can get her the same medication in a generic form from a
pharmaceutical supply company. What would be best for the nurse to say to the patient?
a. "That would be a great way to save money."
b. "There's no difference in brands of this medication."
c. "Switching the form of medication should never be done; once you start with a certain brand, you
must stay with it."
d. "It's better not to switch brands until we check with your doctor." - ✔✔D.
Switching between different brands of levothyroxine during treatment can destabilize the course of
treatment and should be minimized. If a switch is made, the patient should be closely monitored.
A patient has prescriptions for two inhalers. One inhaler is a bronchodilator; the other is a
corticosteroid. Which instruction should the nurse give the patient regarding these inhalers?
a. The corticosteroid should be taken first.
b. The bronchodilator should be taken first.
c. The two drugs should be taken at least 2 hours apart.
d. The order of administration does not matter with these two drugs. - ✔✔B.
OPEN AIRWAYS FIRST!
