Blood Pressure Classification
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Normal: < 120/<80
Elevated BP: 120-129/<80
Hypertension: 130/80 or higher
, Hypotension: Systolic < 90
Drug Therapy- Reduce SVR- HTN
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Angiotension conversion enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) -pril
Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Reduce vasoconstriction and Na+ & water retention
Lisinopril (Prinivil)
Dry cough, HA, rash, kidney damage, don't take while preg
Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARB’s) -sartan Prevent angiotensin II
from binding to receptors in blood vessel walls=> vasodilation
Losartan (Cozaar)
Dizz, adverse renal effects if given w ACEi; may take 3-6wks
Calcium channel blockers (CCB)
Increase Na+ excretion and cause arteriolar vasodilation by preventing the
movement of extracellular Ca+ into cells
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Heart palp, HA, dizz, ankle swelling, constipation
Beta blockers –lol
Acts directly on the heart
Heart rate, pumping force and blood volume are all decreased
Direct vasodilators
Relax vascular smooth muscle and reduce SVR Hydralazine (Apresoline)
HA, dizziness, sev hypoten
Alzheimer's disease Care, Nursing Interventions
Give this one a try later!
,Care:
Early recognition and treatment are important
Hospitalization can precipitate:
-Worsening of dementia
-Development of delirium
If early stages: reorient often, consistent routine
If moderate to late stages: safety is a priority
Behavioral Problems:
Occur in most pt & include:
Repetitiveness
Delusions
Hallucinations
Agitation, Aggression
Altered sleep patterns
Wandering
Hoarding
Resisting care
Pt respond to precip factor by:
pain, frustration, temp extremes, anxiety
Assess the patient
Reassure patient about safety
Rely on mood and behavior rather than verbal communication
Nursing strategies to address difficult behaviors:
-Redirection- music, walk
-Distraction- help w tasks
-Reassurance
Do not threaten to restrain patient or call HCP
Exhaust options before using drugs
Sundowning- Pt becomes more confused & agitated in late afternoon or
evening May be due to disruption of circadian rhythms
Interventions:
-Create quiet, calm environ
-Max exposure to day light
-Evaluate meds
-Limit naps & caffeine
-Consult HCP on drug therapy
, Nursing Implementations- HTN
Give this one a try later!
Health Promotion
Primary prevention- Lifestyle modification- DASH diet, Decreased Na+
Individual client evaluation and education
Screening programs, Identify risk factors for HTN, CAD; BP measurement,
health assessment, Drugs and/or previous tx
Measures to enhance compliance- Individualize plan, Active client
participation, Select affordable drugs, Involve caregivers, Combination
medications, Patient teaching
Drug Therapy- Diuretics- HTN
Give this one a try later!
Reduce plasma volume by increased Na+ and water excretion
Reduce vascular response to catecholamines
Thiazide diuretics: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Loop Diuretics: Furosemide (Lasix)
Potassium-sparing Diuretics: Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Side Effects:
Frequent urination
Dry mouth
Dizziness
Give this one a try later!
Normal: < 120/<80
Elevated BP: 120-129/<80
Hypertension: 130/80 or higher
, Hypotension: Systolic < 90
Drug Therapy- Reduce SVR- HTN
Give this one a try later!
Angiotension conversion enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) -pril
Prevent conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Reduce vasoconstriction and Na+ & water retention
Lisinopril (Prinivil)
Dry cough, HA, rash, kidney damage, don't take while preg
Angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARB’s) -sartan Prevent angiotensin II
from binding to receptors in blood vessel walls=> vasodilation
Losartan (Cozaar)
Dizz, adverse renal effects if given w ACEi; may take 3-6wks
Calcium channel blockers (CCB)
Increase Na+ excretion and cause arteriolar vasodilation by preventing the
movement of extracellular Ca+ into cells
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
Heart palp, HA, dizz, ankle swelling, constipation
Beta blockers –lol
Acts directly on the heart
Heart rate, pumping force and blood volume are all decreased
Direct vasodilators
Relax vascular smooth muscle and reduce SVR Hydralazine (Apresoline)
HA, dizziness, sev hypoten
Alzheimer's disease Care, Nursing Interventions
Give this one a try later!
,Care:
Early recognition and treatment are important
Hospitalization can precipitate:
-Worsening of dementia
-Development of delirium
If early stages: reorient often, consistent routine
If moderate to late stages: safety is a priority
Behavioral Problems:
Occur in most pt & include:
Repetitiveness
Delusions
Hallucinations
Agitation, Aggression
Altered sleep patterns
Wandering
Hoarding
Resisting care
Pt respond to precip factor by:
pain, frustration, temp extremes, anxiety
Assess the patient
Reassure patient about safety
Rely on mood and behavior rather than verbal communication
Nursing strategies to address difficult behaviors:
-Redirection- music, walk
-Distraction- help w tasks
-Reassurance
Do not threaten to restrain patient or call HCP
Exhaust options before using drugs
Sundowning- Pt becomes more confused & agitated in late afternoon or
evening May be due to disruption of circadian rhythms
Interventions:
-Create quiet, calm environ
-Max exposure to day light
-Evaluate meds
-Limit naps & caffeine
-Consult HCP on drug therapy
, Nursing Implementations- HTN
Give this one a try later!
Health Promotion
Primary prevention- Lifestyle modification- DASH diet, Decreased Na+
Individual client evaluation and education
Screening programs, Identify risk factors for HTN, CAD; BP measurement,
health assessment, Drugs and/or previous tx
Measures to enhance compliance- Individualize plan, Active client
participation, Select affordable drugs, Involve caregivers, Combination
medications, Patient teaching
Drug Therapy- Diuretics- HTN
Give this one a try later!
Reduce plasma volume by increased Na+ and water excretion
Reduce vascular response to catecholamines
Thiazide diuretics: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
Loop Diuretics: Furosemide (Lasix)
Potassium-sparing Diuretics: Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Side Effects:
Frequent urination
Dry mouth
Dizziness
