Less Stress - Mod 2 Exam Questions AND Correct Answers
Agonal respirations - ✔✔Slow, shallow, irregular respirations or occasional gasping breaths, sometimes
seen after heart stops
ataxic respirations - ✔✔Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable
pattern
- cheyne stokes respirations are an example
Bernoulli's Principle - ✔✔- says as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid
decreases
- works for venturi mask since as hole is smaller pressure of O2 coming out will increase through
constriction
Brains that go without oxygen for this many minutes start to become damaged: - ✔✔4-6 minutes
Brains that go without oxygen for this many minutes tend to be damaged beyond survival: - ✔✔10
minutes
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - ✔✔- pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and
sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea
- usually found in pt with head injury
CPAP patients benefit from it the most during what part of breathing? - ✔✔exhalation
cricoid cartilage - ✔✔A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx.
cross-finger technique - ✔✔A method of opening an unresponsive patients mouth, usually when the jaw
is closed
,Dead space - ✔✔The portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and thus does not
participate in gas exchange. When calculating minute volume just subtract the dead space to find the
actual amount
external respiration - ✔✔The process of breathing fresh air into the respiratory system and exchanging
oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
FiO2 - ✔✔fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe (ex: room air
has 21%)
glottis - ✔✔Opening between vocal cords which allows for sound to leave the larynx
gurgling - ✔✔- sounds like bubbles
- indicates presence of fluid in the upper airway
- need for suctioning (usually AMS pt)
how do you insert a nasopharyngeal airway? - ✔✔airway should be placed in the larger nostril, with the
curvative of the devices following the nose
- right nare = bevel facing seuptum
- left nare = tip of airway facing upward, which will allow bevel to face the septum (and rotate 180
degrees following inset)
How do you secure airway if pt not supine? - ✔✔Move pt to be supine then attend to airway
How long do you suction for in adults? - ✔✔no more than 15 seconds
How long do you suction for in children? - ✔✔no more than 10 seconds
How long do you suction for in infants? - ✔✔no more than 5 seconds
, How long do you suction for on the NREMT exam? - ✔✔until airway is clear
how long do you ventilate with an ALS device implanted? - ✔✔1 breath every 6 seconds
hypoxemia - ✔✔deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
hypoxia - ✔✔deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
hypoxic drive - ✔✔A "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen level in the
blood rather than high levels of carbon dioxide
infant, child, adult requirements EMS - ✔✔infant = less than 1 yr
child = 1 yr to puberty (breast development, facial and underarm hair)
adult = puberty and older
internal respiration - ✔✔Exchange of gases between cells of the body and the blood
intrapulmonary shunting - ✔✔Bypassing of oxygen-poor blood past nonfunctional alveoli to the left side
of the heart, leading to increased hypoxia instead of oxygenation
is exhalation a passive or active process? - ✔✔Exhalation = passive (lungs recoil as respiratory muscles
relax and thorax decreases in size)
Inhalation = active process!
Is oxygen flammable? - ✔✔No, it is not going to burn or explode but can speed up the combustion
process
Kussmaul respirations - ✔✔Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids
when insulin is not available in the body.
Agonal respirations - ✔✔Slow, shallow, irregular respirations or occasional gasping breaths, sometimes
seen after heart stops
ataxic respirations - ✔✔Irregular, ineffective respirations that may or may not have an identifiable
pattern
- cheyne stokes respirations are an example
Bernoulli's Principle - ✔✔- says as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid
decreases
- works for venturi mask since as hole is smaller pressure of O2 coming out will increase through
constriction
Brains that go without oxygen for this many minutes start to become damaged: - ✔✔4-6 minutes
Brains that go without oxygen for this many minutes tend to be damaged beyond survival: - ✔✔10
minutes
Cheyne-Stokes respiration - ✔✔- pattern of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and
sometimes rate to a maximum level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea
- usually found in pt with head injury
CPAP patients benefit from it the most during what part of breathing? - ✔✔exhalation
cricoid cartilage - ✔✔A firm ridge of cartilage that forms the lower part of the larynx.
cross-finger technique - ✔✔A method of opening an unresponsive patients mouth, usually when the jaw
is closed
,Dead space - ✔✔The portion of the tidal volume that does not reach the alveoli and thus does not
participate in gas exchange. When calculating minute volume just subtract the dead space to find the
actual amount
external respiration - ✔✔The process of breathing fresh air into the respiratory system and exchanging
oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries
FiO2 - ✔✔fraction of inspired oxygen; the concentration of oxygen in the air we breathe (ex: room air
has 21%)
glottis - ✔✔Opening between vocal cords which allows for sound to leave the larynx
gurgling - ✔✔- sounds like bubbles
- indicates presence of fluid in the upper airway
- need for suctioning (usually AMS pt)
how do you insert a nasopharyngeal airway? - ✔✔airway should be placed in the larger nostril, with the
curvative of the devices following the nose
- right nare = bevel facing seuptum
- left nare = tip of airway facing upward, which will allow bevel to face the septum (and rotate 180
degrees following inset)
How do you secure airway if pt not supine? - ✔✔Move pt to be supine then attend to airway
How long do you suction for in adults? - ✔✔no more than 15 seconds
How long do you suction for in children? - ✔✔no more than 10 seconds
How long do you suction for in infants? - ✔✔no more than 5 seconds
, How long do you suction for on the NREMT exam? - ✔✔until airway is clear
how long do you ventilate with an ALS device implanted? - ✔✔1 breath every 6 seconds
hypoxemia - ✔✔deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
hypoxia - ✔✔deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
hypoxic drive - ✔✔A "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen level in the
blood rather than high levels of carbon dioxide
infant, child, adult requirements EMS - ✔✔infant = less than 1 yr
child = 1 yr to puberty (breast development, facial and underarm hair)
adult = puberty and older
internal respiration - ✔✔Exchange of gases between cells of the body and the blood
intrapulmonary shunting - ✔✔Bypassing of oxygen-poor blood past nonfunctional alveoli to the left side
of the heart, leading to increased hypoxia instead of oxygenation
is exhalation a passive or active process? - ✔✔Exhalation = passive (lungs recoil as respiratory muscles
relax and thorax decreases in size)
Inhalation = active process!
Is oxygen flammable? - ✔✔No, it is not going to burn or explode but can speed up the combustion
process
Kussmaul respirations - ✔✔Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of certain acids
when insulin is not available in the body.
