TB Tuberclosis EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED A
SWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hpfkjx
1. TB was shown to be contagious in...: 1865
2. The bacterium that causes TB was discovered in...: 1882
3. The first drug that could kill TB bacteria was discovered in...: 1943
4. What are the organisms that cause TB?: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Also, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, and M. Canetti
5. How is TB spread?: TB spreads person to person through the air (cough, sneeze, speak, sing- droplet
nuclei)
droplet nuclei may remain suspended in air for many hours depending on the environment
6. The probability that TB will be transmitted depends on what four factors?: 1.
Infectiousness of the TB patient
2. Environment in which the exposure occurred
3. Frequency and duration of the exposure
4. Susceptibility (immune status) of the exposed individual
7. What is drug- resistant TB?: TB that is resistant to at least one anti-TB drug. Can be difficult to treat.
8. What is the difference between primary and secondary drug resistance?: Pri-
mary: caused by person-to-person transmission of drug-resistant organisms.
Secondary: develops during TB treatment where either the patient was not treated with the right TB drugs or the patient
did not properly follow the prescribed treatment regimen.
9. When a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis, where do
the droplet nuclei go?: Larger droplets become lodges in the upper respiratory tract where the infection is
unlikely to develop. May also reach small alveoli where infection can begin.
10. After tubercle bacilli reach the alveoli, what happens?: Tubercle bacilli multiply in the
alveoli and a small number may enter the lymph nodes and bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Bacilli may
reach any part of the body, including areas where TB disease is most likely to develop. This may include the upper
portion of the lungs, kidneys, brain, and bone.
In 2 to 8 weeks the bodies immune system will intervene and hold the multiplication to prevent further spread to people.
, TB Tuberclosis EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED A
SWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hpfkjx
11. In people with LTBI, how does the immune system keep the tubercle bacilli
under control?: The immune system produces special immune cells that surround the tubercle bacilli. These
cells create a barrier shell that keep the bacilli contained and under control.
12. How is LTBI detected?: Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)
13. Characteristics of LTBI:: 1. Tubercle bacilli are in the body, but under control.
2. TST and IGRA results are usually positive.
3. Usually the chest x-ray is normal.
4. Sputum smears, molecular tests, cultures are negative.
5. People with LTBI doe not have symptoms, are not infectious, are not counted as having a case of TB.
14. Characteristics of TB disease:: 1. Tubercle bacillary are active in the body.
2. TST and IGRA results are usually positive.
3. Usually the chest x-ray is abnormal (if dz has hit the lungs).
4. Sputum smears, molecular tests, cultures or combo of these tests test positive for M. tuberculosis.
5. People with TB disease may have symptoms, may spread TB to others, are counted as having a case of TB.
15. What happens if the immune system cannot keep the tubercle bacilli under
control and the bacilli begin to multiply rapidly?: TB disease develops
16. In the US, what percentage of people who have LTBI (but not HIV) usually
develop TB disease over their lifetime?: 10%
5% in the first two years after infection
5% in their lifetime
17. Conditions that may increase the risk that LTBI will progress to TB disease:: 1.
infection with HIV
2. Hx of untreated or inadequately treated TB dz
3. Recent TB infection (past 2 years)
4. Abusing drugs, alcohol, cigarettes
5. Receiving immunosuppressive therapy like TNF antagonists, systemic corticosteroids e15mg of prednisone per day
or immunosuppressive dugs after hogan transplant
6. Silicosis
7. DM
8. Chronic renal failure
SWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hpfkjx
1. TB was shown to be contagious in...: 1865
2. The bacterium that causes TB was discovered in...: 1882
3. The first drug that could kill TB bacteria was discovered in...: 1943
4. What are the organisms that cause TB?: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Also, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. microti, and M. Canetti
5. How is TB spread?: TB spreads person to person through the air (cough, sneeze, speak, sing- droplet
nuclei)
droplet nuclei may remain suspended in air for many hours depending on the environment
6. The probability that TB will be transmitted depends on what four factors?: 1.
Infectiousness of the TB patient
2. Environment in which the exposure occurred
3. Frequency and duration of the exposure
4. Susceptibility (immune status) of the exposed individual
7. What is drug- resistant TB?: TB that is resistant to at least one anti-TB drug. Can be difficult to treat.
8. What is the difference between primary and secondary drug resistance?: Pri-
mary: caused by person-to-person transmission of drug-resistant organisms.
Secondary: develops during TB treatment where either the patient was not treated with the right TB drugs or the patient
did not properly follow the prescribed treatment regimen.
9. When a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis, where do
the droplet nuclei go?: Larger droplets become lodges in the upper respiratory tract where the infection is
unlikely to develop. May also reach small alveoli where infection can begin.
10. After tubercle bacilli reach the alveoli, what happens?: Tubercle bacilli multiply in the
alveoli and a small number may enter the lymph nodes and bloodstream and spread throughout the body. Bacilli may
reach any part of the body, including areas where TB disease is most likely to develop. This may include the upper
portion of the lungs, kidneys, brain, and bone.
In 2 to 8 weeks the bodies immune system will intervene and hold the multiplication to prevent further spread to people.
, TB Tuberclosis EXAM COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED A
SWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_hpfkjx
11. In people with LTBI, how does the immune system keep the tubercle bacilli
under control?: The immune system produces special immune cells that surround the tubercle bacilli. These
cells create a barrier shell that keep the bacilli contained and under control.
12. How is LTBI detected?: Mantoux tuberculin skin test (TST) or interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA)
13. Characteristics of LTBI:: 1. Tubercle bacilli are in the body, but under control.
2. TST and IGRA results are usually positive.
3. Usually the chest x-ray is normal.
4. Sputum smears, molecular tests, cultures are negative.
5. People with LTBI doe not have symptoms, are not infectious, are not counted as having a case of TB.
14. Characteristics of TB disease:: 1. Tubercle bacillary are active in the body.
2. TST and IGRA results are usually positive.
3. Usually the chest x-ray is abnormal (if dz has hit the lungs).
4. Sputum smears, molecular tests, cultures or combo of these tests test positive for M. tuberculosis.
5. People with TB disease may have symptoms, may spread TB to others, are counted as having a case of TB.
15. What happens if the immune system cannot keep the tubercle bacilli under
control and the bacilli begin to multiply rapidly?: TB disease develops
16. In the US, what percentage of people who have LTBI (but not HIV) usually
develop TB disease over their lifetime?: 10%
5% in the first two years after infection
5% in their lifetime
17. Conditions that may increase the risk that LTBI will progress to TB disease:: 1.
infection with HIV
2. Hx of untreated or inadequately treated TB dz
3. Recent TB infection (past 2 years)
4. Abusing drugs, alcohol, cigarettes
5. Receiving immunosuppressive therapy like TNF antagonists, systemic corticosteroids e15mg of prednisone per day
or immunosuppressive dugs after hogan transplant
6. Silicosis
7. DM
8. Chronic renal failure
