SOURCE BASED QUESTIONS (ALL)
-The Rivonia Trial and its consequences (page 304)
• The location of the headquarters and the operation of MK was found out by the apartheid
security police led by Johan Coetzee on 11 July 1963.
• The entire High Command of MK, including Walter Sisulu, Gova Mbeki,
Nelson Mandela, Ahmed Kathrada, and Raymond Mahlaba were arrested.
• The police seized important documents and a plan for a revolution called ‘Operation
Mayibuye’. This was MKs proposal for guerrilla war, insurrection (violent uprising against a
government and war.
• The subsequent trial became known as the Rivonia Trial.
• The arrested were charged with recruiting cadres (small groups of people specifically
trained for particular purposes) with the intention of causing a revolution against the
government.
• The 24 freedom fighters were represented by Bram Fischer ( a member of the SACP). He
defended the ANC members but was later arrested and charged under the Suppression of
the Communism Act.
• He escaped, was caught by the South African government and sentenced to life
imprisonment.
• At the trial, the accused pleaded not guilty.
• On 11 June 1964 the judge sentenced Mandela and eight others to life imprisonment on
Robben Island.
-What is Socialism? (find the definition)
● a way of organizing a society in which major industries are owned and controlled by
the government rather than by individual people and companies
-What is a capitalist society? (find the definition)
● A capitalist society is a social order in which private property rights and the free
market serve as the basis of trade, distribution of goods, and development.
-Who or what is a Revolutionary? (find the definition)
● A revolutionary person fearlessly advocates radical change.
-Apartheid becomes an international word (page 307- 308)
From segregation before 1948, to Apartheid in 1948.
- There are differing views about why segregation emerged in South Africa, but the
main view is that it emerged because of the mineral discoveries/mineral revolution in
South Africa.
- Segregation went hand in hand with reduction in the political, economic, and social
oppression of black South Africans.
, - Apartheid caused severe suffering and humiliation for black South Africans since it
was implemented stage by stage.
- The total impact of apartheid was suffiecent for the internation community to regard
Apartheid as a crime against humanity and this led to the isolation of South Africa.
-The Congress Alliance ( page 285)
● The ANC, SAIC, FEDSAW( Federation of South African Women), Congress of
Democrats, CPO, and SACTU came together at a conference which led to the
formation of the Congress Alliance to exert pressure on the white apartheid
government.
-The Freedom Charter (page 285-286)
The Freedom Charter of 1955
• The Congress Alliance organised a Congress of the People for 25-26 June 1955 in
Kliptown, south of Johannesburg.
• The aim of this convention was to draw up a document which was representative of the
political aspirations of all South Africans.
• Millions of people were consulted on what they demanded.
• This congress was the most representative gathering in the history of
South Africa.
• The convention adopted the Freedom Charter which outlined for the first time the ideas for
a free and equal South Africa
• It was adopted democratically and brought together black and white people.
• The Freedom Charter was regarded by the United Nations, the OAU, and other
state/non-state bodies.
-Define Apartheid (check your notes I gave you)
● It was a colour policy that used the previous segregation laws as a foundation to
build a programme designed to bring about the separation of the races in South
Africa. This was based on the policy of separate development and discrimination and
based further on the belief that the inequality of the races spills into the separation of
the races. Implementing this policy involved oppressive legislation, unequal treatment
and exploitation of black people and ensuring white domination in the arenas of
politics, economics, and society.
-Three Apartheid laws / pillars of apartheid that aimed at keeping the races apart (check your
enormous mindmap on the Pillars of Apartheid)
1. Race laws,
2. Restricted movement,
3. Separate amenities,
4. Bantustans policy
5. Education acts
-Pencil test (South African History Online)
-The Rivonia Trial and its consequences (page 304)
• The location of the headquarters and the operation of MK was found out by the apartheid
security police led by Johan Coetzee on 11 July 1963.
• The entire High Command of MK, including Walter Sisulu, Gova Mbeki,
Nelson Mandela, Ahmed Kathrada, and Raymond Mahlaba were arrested.
• The police seized important documents and a plan for a revolution called ‘Operation
Mayibuye’. This was MKs proposal for guerrilla war, insurrection (violent uprising against a
government and war.
• The subsequent trial became known as the Rivonia Trial.
• The arrested were charged with recruiting cadres (small groups of people specifically
trained for particular purposes) with the intention of causing a revolution against the
government.
• The 24 freedom fighters were represented by Bram Fischer ( a member of the SACP). He
defended the ANC members but was later arrested and charged under the Suppression of
the Communism Act.
• He escaped, was caught by the South African government and sentenced to life
imprisonment.
• At the trial, the accused pleaded not guilty.
• On 11 June 1964 the judge sentenced Mandela and eight others to life imprisonment on
Robben Island.
-What is Socialism? (find the definition)
● a way of organizing a society in which major industries are owned and controlled by
the government rather than by individual people and companies
-What is a capitalist society? (find the definition)
● A capitalist society is a social order in which private property rights and the free
market serve as the basis of trade, distribution of goods, and development.
-Who or what is a Revolutionary? (find the definition)
● A revolutionary person fearlessly advocates radical change.
-Apartheid becomes an international word (page 307- 308)
From segregation before 1948, to Apartheid in 1948.
- There are differing views about why segregation emerged in South Africa, but the
main view is that it emerged because of the mineral discoveries/mineral revolution in
South Africa.
- Segregation went hand in hand with reduction in the political, economic, and social
oppression of black South Africans.
, - Apartheid caused severe suffering and humiliation for black South Africans since it
was implemented stage by stage.
- The total impact of apartheid was suffiecent for the internation community to regard
Apartheid as a crime against humanity and this led to the isolation of South Africa.
-The Congress Alliance ( page 285)
● The ANC, SAIC, FEDSAW( Federation of South African Women), Congress of
Democrats, CPO, and SACTU came together at a conference which led to the
formation of the Congress Alliance to exert pressure on the white apartheid
government.
-The Freedom Charter (page 285-286)
The Freedom Charter of 1955
• The Congress Alliance organised a Congress of the People for 25-26 June 1955 in
Kliptown, south of Johannesburg.
• The aim of this convention was to draw up a document which was representative of the
political aspirations of all South Africans.
• Millions of people were consulted on what they demanded.
• This congress was the most representative gathering in the history of
South Africa.
• The convention adopted the Freedom Charter which outlined for the first time the ideas for
a free and equal South Africa
• It was adopted democratically and brought together black and white people.
• The Freedom Charter was regarded by the United Nations, the OAU, and other
state/non-state bodies.
-Define Apartheid (check your notes I gave you)
● It was a colour policy that used the previous segregation laws as a foundation to
build a programme designed to bring about the separation of the races in South
Africa. This was based on the policy of separate development and discrimination and
based further on the belief that the inequality of the races spills into the separation of
the races. Implementing this policy involved oppressive legislation, unequal treatment
and exploitation of black people and ensuring white domination in the arenas of
politics, economics, and society.
-Three Apartheid laws / pillars of apartheid that aimed at keeping the races apart (check your
enormous mindmap on the Pillars of Apartheid)
1. Race laws,
2. Restricted movement,
3. Separate amenities,
4. Bantustans policy
5. Education acts
-Pencil test (South African History Online)
