BIO 370 - Exam 1 Review questions
well answered graded A+
adaptations to environmental conditions - correct answer ✔✔ Abiotic - space, water air,
temperature, minerals, light
Biotic - food, predators, conspecifics (rivals or mates)
types of adaptations - form & function - correct answer ✔✔ Body plan (internal and external)
Locomotion
Gas exchange
Feeding
Thermoregulation
Reproduction
Taxonomy - correct answer ✔✔ Naming of organisms
Binomial nomenclature system - Carl Linnaeus, Sweden 1700's
Clade - correct answer ✔✔ Ancestor organism and all its descendents
A "branch" on the tree of life
Members of a clade = monophyletic group
Types of Phylogenetic Groups - correct answer ✔✔ MONOphyletic = taxon = clade
PARAphyletic = ancestor and desc. MINUS one (or several) monophyletic groups
POLYphyletic = any other group
, Cladograms - correct answer ✔✔ Based on SYNapomorphies
Derived = different from ancestral condition
Apomorphies = derived characters found in found in several members, but not ancestor
SYNapomorphy - correct answer ✔✔ derived traits shared by related taxa & found in their most
recent common ancestor
AUTapomorphy - correct answer ✔✔ Distinct feature - found in only one member of clade
PLEISomorphy / HOMOlogy - correct answer ✔✔ An ancestral trait found at the BASIS of a
cladogram (may be lost or retained
Trait evolved from common ancestor
HOMOplasy - correct answer ✔✔ Found in members of a tree, but NOT in the ancestor
Does NOT indicate common ancestor
result of CONVERGENCE
Outgroup - correct answer ✔✔ close, ancient, NON-relative (for comparison)
Sister Taxon - correct answer ✔✔ Closest relative
Chordata (phylum) - correct answer ✔✔ Cephalocordata (Amphioxus)
Urchordata (tunicates)
Chordata synapomorphies - correct answer ✔✔ Notochord - dorsal stiffening rod
Nerve cord - dorsal, hollow
Tail - segmented, muscular, post-anal
well answered graded A+
adaptations to environmental conditions - correct answer ✔✔ Abiotic - space, water air,
temperature, minerals, light
Biotic - food, predators, conspecifics (rivals or mates)
types of adaptations - form & function - correct answer ✔✔ Body plan (internal and external)
Locomotion
Gas exchange
Feeding
Thermoregulation
Reproduction
Taxonomy - correct answer ✔✔ Naming of organisms
Binomial nomenclature system - Carl Linnaeus, Sweden 1700's
Clade - correct answer ✔✔ Ancestor organism and all its descendents
A "branch" on the tree of life
Members of a clade = monophyletic group
Types of Phylogenetic Groups - correct answer ✔✔ MONOphyletic = taxon = clade
PARAphyletic = ancestor and desc. MINUS one (or several) monophyletic groups
POLYphyletic = any other group
, Cladograms - correct answer ✔✔ Based on SYNapomorphies
Derived = different from ancestral condition
Apomorphies = derived characters found in found in several members, but not ancestor
SYNapomorphy - correct answer ✔✔ derived traits shared by related taxa & found in their most
recent common ancestor
AUTapomorphy - correct answer ✔✔ Distinct feature - found in only one member of clade
PLEISomorphy / HOMOlogy - correct answer ✔✔ An ancestral trait found at the BASIS of a
cladogram (may be lost or retained
Trait evolved from common ancestor
HOMOplasy - correct answer ✔✔ Found in members of a tree, but NOT in the ancestor
Does NOT indicate common ancestor
result of CONVERGENCE
Outgroup - correct answer ✔✔ close, ancient, NON-relative (for comparison)
Sister Taxon - correct answer ✔✔ Closest relative
Chordata (phylum) - correct answer ✔✔ Cephalocordata (Amphioxus)
Urchordata (tunicates)
Chordata synapomorphies - correct answer ✔✔ Notochord - dorsal stiffening rod
Nerve cord - dorsal, hollow
Tail - segmented, muscular, post-anal
